title: mke2fs.conf(5)

summary: Configuration file for mke2fs

text:
# mke2fs.conf(5)

## NAME
mke2fs.conf - Configuration file for mke2fs

## DESCRIPTION
mke2fs.conf is the configuration file for mke2fs(8). It controls the default parameters used by mke2fs(8) when it is creating ext2, ext3, or ext4 file systems.

The mke2fs.conf file uses an INI-style format. Stanzas, or top-level sections, are delimited by square braces: [ ]. Within each section, each line defines a relation, which assigns tags to values, or to a subsection, which contains further relations or subsections. An example of the INI-style format used by this configuration file follows below:

[section1]

tag1 = value_a

tag1 = value_b

tag2 = value_c

[section 2]

tag3 = {

subtag1 = subtag_value_a

subtag1 = subtag_value_b

subtag2 = subtag_value_c

}

tag1 = value_d

tag2 = value_e

}

Comments are delimited by a semicolon (';') or a hash ('#') character at the beginning of the comment, and are terminated by the end of line character.

Tags and values must be quoted using double quotes if they contain spaces. Within a quoted string, the standard backslash interpretations apply: "\n" (for the newline character), "\t" (for the tab character), "\b" (for the backspace character), and "\\" (for the backslash character).

Some relations expect a boolean value. The parser is quite liberal on recognizing ``yes'', '`y'', ``true'', ``t'', ``1'', ``on'', etc. as a boolean true value, and ``no'', ``n'', ``false'', ``nil'', ``0'', ``off'' as a boolean false value.

The following stanzas are used in the mke2fs.conf file. They will be described in more detail in future sections of this document.

[options]

Contains relations which influence how mke2fs behaves.

[defaults]

Contains relations which define the default parameters used by mke2fs(8). In general, these defaults may be overridden by a definition in the fs_types stanza, or by a command-line option provided by the user.

[fs_types]

Contains relations which define defaults that should be used for specific file system and usage types. The file system type and usage type can be specified explicitly using the -tand-T options to mke2fs(8), respectively.

[devices]

Contains relations which define defaults for specific devices.

## THE [options] STANZA
The following relations are defined in the [options] stanza.

proceed_delay

If this relation is set to a positive integer, then mke2fs will wait proceed_delay seconds after asking the user for permission to proceed and then continue, even if the user has not answered the question. Defaults to 0, which means to wait until the user answers the question one way or another.

sync_kludge

If this relation is set to a positive integer, then while writing the inode table, mke2fs will request the operating system flush out pending writes to initialize the inode table every sync_kludge block groups. This is needed to work around buggy kernels that don't handle writeback throttling correctly.

## THE [defaults] STANZA
The following relations are defined in the [defaults] stanza.

creator_os

This relation specifies the "creator operating system" for the file system unless it is overridden on the command line. The default value is the OS for which the mke2fs executable was compiled.

fs_type

This relation specifies the default file system type if the user does not specify it via the -t option, or if mke2fs is not started using a program name of the form mkfs.fs-type. If both the user and the mke2fs.conf file do not specify a default file system type, mke2fs will use a default file system type of ext3 if a journal was requested via a command-line option, or ext2 if not.

undo_dir

This relation specifies the directory where the undo file should be stored. It can be overridden via the E2FSPROGS_UNDO_DIR environment variable. If the directory location is set to the value none, mke2fs will not create an undo file.

In addition, any tags that can be specified in a per-file system tags subsection as defined below (e.g., blocksize, hash_alg, inode_ratio, inode_size, reserved_ratio, etc.) can also be specified in the defaults stanza to specify the default value to be used if the user does not specify one on the command line, and the file system-type specific section of the configuration file does not specify a default value.

## THE [fs_types] STANZA
Each tag in the [fs_types] stanza names a file system type or usage type which can be specified via the -t or -T options to mke2fs(8), respectively.

The mke2fs program constructs a list of fs_types by concatenating the file system type (i.e., ext2, ext3, etc.) with the usage type list. For most configuration options, mke2fs will look for a subsection in the [fs_types] stanza corresponding with each entry in the constructed list, with later entries overriding earlier file system or usage types. For example, consider the following mke2fs.conf fragment:

[defaults]

base_features = sparse_super,filetype,resize_inode,dir_index

blocksize = 4096

inode_size = 256

inode_ratio = 16384

[fs_types]

ext3 = {

features = has_journal

}

ext4 = {

features = extents,flex_bg

inode_size = 256

}

small = {

blocksize = 1024

inode_ratio = 4096

}

floppy = {

features = ^resize_inode

blocksize = 1024

inode_size = 128

}

If mke2fs started with a program name of mke2fs.ext4, then the file system type of ext4 will be used. If the file system is smaller than 3 megabytes, and no usage type is specified, then mke2fs will use a default usage type of floppy. This results in an fs_types list of "ext4, floppy". Both the ext4 subsection and the floppy subsection define an inode_size relation, but since the later entries in the fs_types list supersede earlier ones, the configuration parameter for fs_types.floppy.inode_size will be used, so the file system will have an inode size of 128.

The exception to this resolution is the features tag, which specifies a set of changes to the features used by the file system, and which is cumulative. So in the above example, first the configuration relation defaults.base_features would enable an initial feature set with the sparse_super, filetype, resize_inode, and dir_index features enabled. Then configuration relation fs_types.ext4.features would enable the extents and flex_bg features, and finally the configuration relation fs_types.floppy.features would remove the resize_inode feature, resulting in a file system feature set consisting of the sparse_super, filetype, dir_index, extents_and flex_bg features.

For each file system type, the following tags may be used in that fs_type's subsection. These tags may also be used in the default section:

base_features

This relation specifies the features which are initially enabled for this file system type. Only one base_features will be used, so if there are multiple entries in the fs_types list whose subsections define the base_features relation, only the last will be used by mke2fs(8).

enable_periodic_fsck

This boolean relation specifies whether periodic file system checks should be enforced at boot time. If set to true, checks will be forced every 180 days, or after a random number of mounts. These values may be changed later via the -i and -c command-line options to tune2fs(8).

errors

Change the behavior of the kernel code when errors are detected. In all cases, a file system error will cause e2fsck(8) to check the file system on the next boot. errors can be one of the following:

continue

Continue normal execution.

remount-ro

Remount file system read-only.

panic

Cause a kernel panic.

features

This relation specifies a comma-separated list of features edit requests which modify the feature set used by the newly constructed file system. The syntax is the same as the -O command-line option to mke2fs(8); that is, a feature can be prefixed by a caret ('^') symbol to disable a named feature. Each feature relation specified in the fs_types list will be applied in the order found in the fs_types list.

force_undo

This boolean relation, if set to a value of true, forces mke2fs to always try to create an undo file, even if the undo file might be huge and it might extend the time to create the file system image because the inode table isn't being initialized lazily.

default_features

This relation specifies set of features which should be enabled or disabled after applying the features listed in the base_features and features relations. It may be overridden by the -O command-line option to mke2fs(8).

auto_64-bit_support

This relation is a boolean which specifies whether mke2fs(8) should automatically add the 64bit feature if the number of blocks for the file system requires this feature to be enabled. The resize_inode feature is also automatically disabled since it doesn't support 64-bit block numbers.

default_mntopts

This relation specifies the set of mount options which should be enabled by default. These may be changed at a later time with the -o command-line option to tune2fs(8).

blocksize

This relation specifies the default blocksize if the user does not specify a blocksize on the command line.

lazy_itable_init

This boolean relation specifies whether the inode table should be lazily initialized. It only has meaning if the uninit_bg feature is enabled. If lazy_itable_init is true and the uninit_bg feature is enabled, the inode table will not be fully initialized by mke2fs(8). This speeds up file system initialization noticeably, but it requires the kernel to finish initializing the file system in the background when the file system is first mounted.

lazy_journal_init

This boolean relation specifies whether the journal inode should be lazily initialized. It only has meaning if the has_journal feature is enabled. If lazy_journal_init is true, the journal inode will not be fully zeroed out by mke2fs. This speeds up file system initialization noticeably, but carries some small risk if the system crashes before the journal has been overwritten entirely one time.

journal_location

This relation specifies the location of the journal.

num_backup_sb

This relation indicates whether file systems with the sparse_super2 feature enabled should be created with 0, 1, or 2 backup superblocks.

packed_meta_blocks

This boolean relation specifies whether the allocation bitmaps, inode table, and journal should be located at the beginning of the file system.

inode_ratio

This relation specifies the default inode ratio if the user does not specify one on the command line.

inode_size

This relation specifies the default inode size if the user does not specify one on the command line.

reserved_ratio

This relation specifies the default percentage of file system blocks reserved for the super-user, if the user does not specify one on the command line.

hash_alg

This relation specifies the default hash algorithm used for the new file systems with hashed b-tree directories. Valid algorithms accepted are: legacy, half_md4, and tea.

flex_bg_size

This relation specifies the number of block groups that will be packed together to create one large virtual block group on an ext4 file system. This improves meta-data locality and performance on meta-data heavy workloads. The number of groups must be a power of 2 and may only be specified if the flex_bg file system feature is enabled.

options

This relation specifies additional extended options which should be treated by mke2fs(8) as if they were prepended to the argument of the -E option. This can be used to configure the default extended options used by mke2fs(8) on a per-file system type basis.

discard

This boolean relation specifies whether the mke2fs(8) should attempt to discard device prior to file system creation.

cluster_size

This relation specifies the default cluster size if the bigalloc file system feature is enabled. It can be overridden via the -C command line option to mke2fs(8)

make_hugefiles

This boolean relation enables the creation of pre-allocated files as part of formatting the file system. The extent tree blocks for these pre-allocated files will be placed near the beginning of the file system, so that if all of the other metadata blocks are also configured to be placed near the beginning of the file system (by disabling the backup superblocks, using the packed_meta_blocks option, etc.), the data blocks of the pre-allocated files will be contiguous.

hugefiles_dir

This relation specifies the directory where huge files are created, relative to the file system root.

hugefiles_uid

This relation controls the user ownership for all of the files and directories created by the make_hugefiles feature.

hugefiles_gid

This relation controls the group ownership for all of the files and directories created by the make_hugefiles feature.

hugefiles_umask

This relation specifies the umask used when creating the files and directories by the make_hugefiles feature.

num_hugefiles

This relation specifies the number of huge files to be created. If this relation is not specified, or is set to zero, and the hugefiles_size relation is non-zero, then make_hugefiles will create as many huge files as can fit to fill the entire file system.

hugefiles_slack

This relation specifies how much space should be reserved for other files.

hugefiles_size

This relation specifies the size of the huge files. If this relation is not specified, the default is to fill the entire file system.

hugefiles_align

This relation specifies the alignment for the start block of the huge files. It also forces the size of huge files to be a multiple of the requested alignment. If this relation is not specified, no alignment requirement will be imposed on the huge files.

hugefiles_align_disk

This relations specifies whether the alignment should be relative to the beginning of the hard drive (assuming that the starting offset of the partition is available to mke2fs). The default value is false, which will cause hugefile alignment to be relative to the beginning of the file system.

hugefiles_name

This relation specifies the base file name for the huge files.

hugefiles_digits

This relation specifies the (zero-padded) width of the field for the huge file number.

warn_y2038_dates

This boolean relation specifies whether mke2fs will issue a warning when creating a file system with 128 byte inodes (and so therefore will not support dates after January 19th, 2038). The default value is true, except for file systems created for the GNU Hurd since it only supports 128-byte inodes.

zero_hugefiles

This boolean relation specifies whether or not zero blocks will be written to the hugefiles while mke2fs(8) is creating them. By default, zero blocks will be written to the huge files to avoid stale data from being made available to potentially untrusted user programs, unless the device supports a discard/trim operation which will take care of zeroing the device blocks. By setting zero_hugefiles to false, this step will always be skipped, which can be useful if it is known that the disk has been previously erased, or if the user programs that will have access to the huge files are trusted to not reveal stale data.

encoding

This relation defines the file name encoding to be used if the casefold feature is enabled. Currently the only valid encoding is utf8-12.1 or utf8, which requests the most recent Unicode version; since 12.1 is the only available Unicode version, utf8 and utf8-12.1 have the same result. encoding_flags This relation defines encoding-specific flags. For utf8 encodings, the only available flag is strict, which will cause attempts to create file names containing invalid Unicode characters to be rejected by the kernel. Strict mode is not enabled by default.

## THE [devices] STANZA
Each tag in the [devices] stanza names device name so that per-device defaults can be specified.

fs_type

This relation specifies the default parameter for the -t option, if this option isn't specified on the command line.

usage_types

This relation specifies the default parameter for the -T option, if this option isn't specified on the command line.

## FILES
/etc/mke2fs.conf

The configuration file for mke2fs(8).

## SEE ALSO
mke2fs(8)


title: e4rat.conf(5)

text:
# e4rat.conf(5)

## NAME
/etc/e4rat.conf - configuration file for the e4rat toolset

## DESCRIPTION
e4rat.conf is the configuration file all e4rat binaries. It allows to replace default parameters of the tools.

## FILE FORMAT
The file is based on INFO format which is similar to C/C++. For more information see http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_45_0/doc/html/boost_propertytree/parsers.html.

An option is declared like this: option1 value1

Options can either be declared globally and/or below a section. Derived from its executable suffix name, each binary owns its own section. Values beyond this section applies to the binary only.

collect {

option value

}

## OPTIONS
e4rat has a simple logging structure. Each event has a priority bit. The following priorities exist:

1 errors

2 warnings

4 task statistics

8 information about a single step

16 debug message

verbose

set verbose bit mask of messages to be displayed. [Default: 7]

loglevel

set bit mask of messages send to log_target. [Default: 3]

log_target

set target path where log messages should be written to. Default value is /dev/kmsg. It sends the message to Kernel's log ring buffer. (See also dmesg(1)) Set <log_target> to 'syslog' to send the message to the syslog daemon.

init

Set an alternative init process instead of /sbin/init

startup_log_file

set path to startup log file. [Default: /var/lib/e4rat/startup.log]

### Specific for e4rat-collect
timeout

After the expiration of this value in seconds e4rat-collect automatically quits collecting. Timeout takes only into account when e4rat-collect was executed as init process. [Default: 120]

ext4_only

Restrict file watches to ext4 filesystem types only. [Default: true]

exclude_open_files

exclude files which are already opened. [Default: true]

### Specific for e4rat-realloc
defrag_mode

set default rearrangement mode of e4rat-realloc. [Default: auto]

auto choose mode automatically

prealloc use user-space pre-allocate ioctl

locality-group create files in locality group

tld create files in top level directory

## AUTHOR
Written by Andreas Rid and Gundolf Kiefer.

## REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to Andreas Rid <conso at users.sf.net>.

## SEE ALSO
e4rat-collect(8), e4rat-realloc(8), e4rat-preload(8)


editorconfig-format

package: editorconfig

title: editorconfig-format(5)

summary: EditorConfig File Format

text:
# editorconfig-format(5)

## NAME
editorconfig-format - EditorConfig File Format

## EditorConfig File Format
EditorConfig files use an INI format that is compatible with the format used by Python ConfigParser Library, but [ and ] are allowed in the section names. The section names are filepath globs, similar to the format accepted by gitignore. Forward slashes (/) are used as path separators and semicolons (;) or octothorpes (#) are used for comments. Comments should go individual lines. EditorConfig files should be UTF-8 encoded, with either CRLF or LF line separators.

Filename globs containing path separators (/) match filepaths in the same way as the filename globs used by .gitignore files. Backslashes (\) are not allowed as path separators.

A semicolon character (;) starts a line comment that terminates at the end of the line. Line comments and blank lines are ignored when parsing. Comments may be added to the ends of non-empty lines. An octothorpe character (#) may be used instead of a semicolon to denote the start of a comment.

## Filename and Location
When a filename is given to EditorConfig a search is performed in the directory of the given file and all parent directories for an EditorConfig file (named '.editorconfig' by default). All found EditorConfig files are searched for sections with section names matching the given filename. The search will stop if an EditorConfig file is found with the root property set to true or when reaching the root filesystem directory.

Files are read top to bottom and the most recent rules found take precedence. If multiple EditorConfig files have matching sections, the rules from the closer EditorConfig file are read last, so properties in closer files take precedence.

## Wildcard Patterns
Section names in EditorConfig files are filename globs that support pattern matching through Unix shell-style wildcards. These filename globs recognize the following as special characters for wildcard matching:

* Matches any string of characters, except path separators (/)

** Matches any string of characters

? Matches any single character

[seq] Matches any single character in seq

[!seq] Matches any single character not in seq

{s1,s2,s3} Matches any of the strings given (separated by commas, can be nested)

{num1..num2} Matches any integer numbers between num1 and num2, where num1 and num2 can be either positive or negative

The backslash character () can be used to escape a character so it is not interpreted as a special character.

The maximum length of a section name is 4096 characters. All sections exceeding this limit are ignored.

## Supported Properties
EditorConfig file sections contain properties, which are name-value pairs separated by an equal sign (=). EditorConfig plugins will ignore unrecognized property names and properties with invalid values.

Here is the list of all property names understood by EditorConfig and all valid values for these properties:

- indent_style: set to 'tab' or 'space' to use hard tabs or soft tabs respectively. The values are case insensitive.

- indent_size: a whole number defining the number of columns used for each indentation level and the width of soft tabs (when supported). If this equals to 'tab', the indent_size will be set to the tab size, which should be tab_width if tab_width is specified, or the tab size set by editor if tab_width is not specified. The values are case insensitive.

- tab_width: a whole number defining the number of columns used to represent a tab character. This defaults to the value of indent_size and should not usually need to be specified.

- end_of_line: set to 'lf', 'cr', or 'crlf' to control how line breaks are represented. The values are case insensitive.

- charset: set to 'latin1', 'utf-8', 'utf-8-bom', 'utf-16be' or 'utf-16le' to control the character set. Use of 'utf-8-bom' is discouraged.

- trim_trailing_whitespace: set to 'true' to remove any whitespace characters preceeding newline characters and 'false' to ensure it doesn't.

- insert_final_newline: set to 'true' ensure file ends with a newline when saving and 'false' to ensure it doesn't.

- root: special property that should be specified at the top of the file outside of any sections. Set to 'true' to stop .editorconfig files search on current file. The value is case insensitive.

For any property, a value of 'unset' is to remove the effect of that property, even if it has been set before. For example, add 'indent_size = unset' to undefine indent_size property (and use editor default).

Property names are case insensitive and all property names are lowercased when parsing. The maximum length of a property name is 50 characters and the maximum length of a property value is 255 characters. Any property beyond these limits would be ignored.