modulefile

package: environment-modules

title: modulefile(4)

text:
# modulefile(4)

## NAME
modulefile - files containing Tcl code for the Modules package

## DESCRIPTION
modulefiles are written in the Tool Command Language, Tcl(n) and are interpreted by the modulecmd.tcl program via the module user interface. modulefiles can be loaded, unloaded, or switched on-the-fly while the user is working; and can be used to implement site policies regarding the access and use of applications.

A modulefile begins with the #%Module file signature, also called the Modules magic cookie. A version number may be placed after this string. The version number is useful as the modulefile format may change thus it reflects the minimum version of modulecmd.tcl required to interpret the modulefile. If a version number doesn't exist, then modulecmd.tcl will assume the modulefile is compatible. Files without the magic cookie or with a version number greater than the current version of modulecmd.tcl will not be interpreted. If the mcookie_version_check configuration is disabled the version number set is not checked.

Each modulefile contains the changes to a user's environment needed to access an application. Tcl is a simple programming language which permits modulefiles to be arbitrarily complex, depending upon the application's and the modulefile writer's needs. If support for extended tcl (tclX) has been configured for your installation of the Modules package, you may use all the extended commands provided by tclX, too.

A typical modulefile is a simple bit of code that set or add entries to the PATH, MANPATH, or other environment variables. A Modulefile is evaluated against current modulecmd.tcl's mode which leads to specific evaluation results. For instance if the modulefile sets a value to an environment variable, this variable is set when modulefile is loaded and unset when modulefile is unloaded.

Tcl has conditional statements that are evaluated when the modulefile is interpreted. This is very effective for managing path or environment changes due to different OS releases or architectures. The user environment information is encapsulated into a single modulefile kept in a central location. The same modulefile is used by every user on any machine. So, from the user's perspective, starting an application is exactly the same irrespective of the machine or platform they are on.

modulefiles also hide the notion of different types of shells. From the user's perspective, changing the environment for one shell looks exactly the same as changing the environment for another shell. This is useful for new or novice users and eliminates the need for statements such as "if you're using the C Shell do this ..., otherwise if you're using the Bourne shell do this ...". Announcing and accessing new software is uniform and independent of the user's shell. From the modulefile writer's perspective, this means one set of information will take care of every type of shell.

## MODULES SPECIFIC TCL COMMANDS
The Modules Package uses commands which are extensions to the "standard" Tool Command Language Tcl(n) package. Unless otherwise specified, the Module commands return the empty string. Some commands behave differently when a modulefile is loaded or unloaded. The command descriptions assume the modulefile is being loaded.

always-load [--optional] [--tag taglist] modulefile...

Load modulefile and apply the keep-loaded tag to it in order to avoid the automatic unload of this modulefile when modules dependent of it are unloaded. modulefile is declared as a requirement of currently loading module. This command acts as an alias of module load command. If more than one modulefile are specified, then this list acts as a Boolean AND operation, which means all specified modulefiles are required.

When the --optional option is set, each specified modulefile is declared as an optional requirement. A modulefile that cannot be loaded, will not stop the evaluation.

The --tag option accepts a list of module tags to apply to modulefile once loaded in addition to the keep-loaded tag. taglist corresponds to the concatenation of multiple tags separated by colon character. taglist should not contain tags inherited from modulefile state or from other modulefile commands. If module is already loaded, tags from taglist are added to the list of tags already applied to this module.

append-path [-d C|--delim C|--delim=C] [--duplicates] variable value...

See prepend-path.

break

This is not a Modules-specific command, it's actually part of Tcl, which has been overloaded similar to the continue and exit commands to have the effect of causing the module not to be listed as loaded and not affect other modules being loaded concurrently. All non-environment commands within the module will be performed up to this point and processing will continue on to the next module on the command line. The break command will only have this effect if not used within a Tcl loop though. An example: Suppose that a full selection of modulefiles are needed for various different architectures, but some of the modulefiles are not needed and the user should be alerted. Having the unnecessary modulefile be a link to the following notavail modulefile will perform the task as required.

```
#%Module1.0
## notavail modulefile
##
proc ModulesHelp { } {

    puts stderr "This module does nothing but alert the user"

    puts stderr "that the [module-info name] module is not available"
}
module-whatis "Notifies user that module is not available."
set curMod [module-info name]
if { [ module-info mode load ] } {

    puts stderr "Note: '$curMod' is not available for [uname sysname]."
}
break
```

chdir directory

Set the current working directory to directory.

complete shell name body

Define shell completion for command name with specified body if shell is the current shell under which modulecmd.tcl was invoked. Body corresponds to argument options accepted by the shell command which defines completion. When a modulefile is unloaded, complete becomes uncomplete. The following shells are supported: bash, tcsh, bash and fish. Please refer to the documentation of these shells to learn how to define completion. The command is ignored if an unsupported shell is specified.

conflict modulefile...

conflict controls whether or not the modulefile will be loaded. The conflict command lists modulefiles which conflict with the current modulefile. If a list contains more than one modulefile, then each member of the list acts as a Boolean OR operation. Multiple conflict commands may be used to create a Boolean AND operation. If one of the requirements have not been satisfied, an error is reported and the current modulefile makes no changes to the user's environment. If an argument for conflict is a directory and any other modulefile from that directory has been loaded, then a conflict will occur. For example, specifying X11 as a conflict will stop X11/R4 and X11/R5 from being loaded at the same time.

The parameter modulefile may also be a symbolic modulefile name or a modulefile alias. It may also leverage a specific syntax to finely select module version (see Advanced module version specifiers section below).

continue

This is not a modules specific command but another overloaded Tcl command and is similar to the break or exit commands except the module will be listed as loaded as well as performing any environment or Tcl commands up to this point and then continuing on to the next module on the command line. The continue command will only have this effect if not used within a Tcl loop though.

depends-on [--optional] [--tag taglist] modulefile...

Alias of prereq-all command.

exit [N]

This is not a modules specific command but another overloaded Tcl command and is similar to the break or continue commands. However, this command will cause the immediate cessation of this module and any additional ones on the command line. This module and the subsequent modules will not be listed as loaded. No environment commands will be performed in the current module.

family name

Defines loading modulefile as a member of family name. Only one member of a family could be loaded. Error is raised when attempting to load another member of the same family name. family corresponds to the definition of a conflict on name and the definition of a module-alias name targeting currently loading module.

In addition, the MODULES_FAMILY_<NAME> environment variable is defined and set to the currently loading module name minus version. This variable helps to know what module provides for the family name in the currently loaded environment. For instance if loading modulefile foo/1.0 defines being member of the bar family, the MODULES_FAMILY_BAR will be set to the foo value. For compatibility, the LMOD_FAMILY_<NAME> environment variable is also defined and set to the same value than MODULES_FAMILY_<NAME>.

name should be a non-empty string only containing characters that could be part of an environment variable name (i.e., [a-zA-Z0-9_]).

getenv [--return-value] variable [value]

Returns value of environment variable. If variable is not defined, value is returned if set, an empty string is returned otherwise. The getenv command should be preferred over the Tcl global variable env to query environment variables. When modulefile is evaluated in display mode, getenv returns variable name prefixed with dollar sign (e.g., $variable) unless if the --return-value option is set. When this option is set the value of environment variable or defined fallback value is returned in display mode.

getvariant [--return-value] variant [value]

Returns value of designated variant. If variant is not defined, value is returned if set, an empty string is returned otherwise. The getvariant command should be preferred over the ModuleVariant Tcl array to query a variant value. When modulefile is evaluated in display mode, getvariant returns variant name enclosed in curly braces (e.g., {variant}) unless if the --return-value option is set. When this option is set the value of variant or defined fallback value is returned in display mode.

is-avail modulefile...

The is-avail command returns a true value if any of the listed modulefiles exists in enabled MODULEPATH. If a list contains more than one modulefile, then each member acts as a boolean OR operation. If an argument for is-avail is a directory and a modulefile exists in the directory is-avail would return a true value. The parameter modulefile may also be a symbolic modulefile name or a modulefile alias. It may also leverage a specific syntax to finely select module version (see Advanced module version specifiers section below).

is-loaded [modulefile...]

The is-loaded command returns a true value if any of the listed modulefiles has been loaded or if any modulefile is loaded in case no argument is provided. If a list contains more than one modulefile, then each member acts as a boolean OR operation. If an argument for is-loaded is a directory and any modulefile from the directory has been loaded is-loaded would return a true value. The parameter modulefile may also be a symbolic modulefile name or a modulefile alias. It may also leverage a specific syntax to finely select module version (see Advanced module version specifiers section below).

is-saved [collection...]

The is-saved command returns a true value if any of the listed collections exists or if any collection exists in case no argument is provided. If a list contains more than one collection, then each member acts as a boolean OR operation. If MODULES_COLLECTION_TARGET is set, a suffix equivalent to the value of this variable is appended to the passed collection name. In case no collection argument is provided, a true value will only be returned if a collection matching currently set target exists.

is-used [directory...]

The is-used command returns a true value if any of the listed directories has been enabled in MODULEPATH or if any directory is enabled in case no argument is provided. If a list contains more than one directory, then each member acts as a boolean OR operation.

module [sub-command] [sub-command-options] [sub-command-args]

This command permits a modulefile to load or unload other modulefiles or to use or unuse modulepaths. No checks are made to ensure that the modulefile does not try to load itself. Often it is useful to have a single modulefile that performs a number of module load commands. For example, if every user on the system requires a basic set of applications loaded, then a core modulefile would contain the necessary module load commands. The --not-req option may be set for the load, try-load, load-any, unload and switch sub-commands to inhibit the definition of an implicit prereq or conflict requirement onto specified modules.

On try-load sub-command, if specified modulefile is not found thus loaded, no implicit prereq requirement is defined over this module.

The load-any sub-command loads one modulefile from the specified list. An error is obtained if no modulefile from the list can be loaded. No operation is performed if a modulefile from the list is found already loaded.

The unuse sub-command accepts the --remove-on-unload, --noop-on-unload, --append-on-unload and --prepend-on-unload options to control the behavior to apply when modulefile is unloaded. See remove-path for further explanation.

The load, try-load, load-any and switch sub-commands accept the --tag option to apply specified tags to modulefile once loaded. Option accepts a concatenation of multiple module tags separated by colon character. taglist should not contain tags inherited from modulefile state or from other modulefile commands. If module is already loaded, tags from taglist are added to the list of tags already applied to this module.

Command line switches --auto, --no-auto and --force are ignored when passed to a module command set in a modulefile.

Not all the sub-commands described in the Module Sub-Commands section of the module man page are available when module is used as a Modules specific Tcl command. The following table summarizes the different sub-commands available for each interpretation context.

Sub-commands available from modulefile interpretation

Sub-commands available from initrc configuration file and sourced script file

Sub-commands available from run-command (rc) file interpretation

load, load-any, switch, try-load, unload, unuse, use. Also available but not recommended for use from regular modulefile: aliases, avail, display, initadd, initclear, initlist, initprepend, initrm, initswitch, list, purge, reload, restore, save, savelist, saverm, saveshow, search, test, whatis

Same sub-commands available than for modulefile and config sub-command.

None

module-alias name modulefile

Assigns the modulefile to the alias name. This command should be placed in one of the modulecmd.tcl rc files in order to provide shorthand invocations of frequently used modulefile names. The parameter modulefile may be either

- a fully qualified modulefile with name and version

- a symbolic modulefile name

- another modulefile alias

module-forbid [options] modulefile...

Forbid use of modulefile. An error is obtained when trying to evaluate a forbidden module. This command should be placed in one of the modulecmd.tcl rc files. module-forbid command accepts the following options:

- --after datetime

- --before datetime

- --not-user {user...}

- --not-group {group...}

- --message {text message}

- --nearly-message {text message}

If --after option is set, forbidding is only effective after specified date time. Following the same principle, if --before option is set, forbidding is only effective before specified date time. Accepted date time format is YYYY-MM-DD[THH:MM]. If no time (HH:MM) is specified, 00:00 is assumed. --after and --before options are not supported on Tcl versions prior to 8.5.

If --not-user option is set, forbidding is not applied if the username of the user currently running modulecmd.tcl is part of the list of username specified. Following the same approach, if --not-group option is set, forbidding is not applied if current user is member of one the group specified. When both options are set, forbidding is not applied if a match is found for --not-user or --not-group.

Error message returned when trying to evaluate a forbidden module can be supplemented with the text message set through --message option.

If --after option is set, modules are considered nearly forbidden during a number of days defined by the nearly_forbidden_days modulecmd.tcl configuration option (see MODULES_NEARLY_FORBIDDEN_DAYS), prior reaching the expiry date fixed by --after option. When a nearly forbidden module is evaluated a warning message is issued to inform module will soon be forbidden. This warning message can be supplemented with the text message set through --nearly-message option.

If a module-forbid command applies to a modulefile also targeted by a module-hide --hard command, this module is unveiled when precisely named to return an access error.

Forbidden modules included in the result of an avail sub-command are reported with a forbidden tag applied to them. Nearly forbidden modules included in the result of an avail or a list sub-command are reported with a nearly-forbidden tag applied to them. See Module tags section in module.

The parameter modulefile may leverage a specific syntax to finely select module version (see Advanced module version specifiers section below).

module-hide [options] modulefile...

Hide modulefile to exclude it from available module search or module selection unless query refers to modulefile by its exact name. This command should be placed in one of the modulecmd.tcl rc files. module-hide command accepts the following options:

- --soft|--hard

- --hidden-loaded

- --after datetime

- --before datetime

- --not-user {user...}

- --not-group {group...}

When --soft option is set, modulefile is also set hidden, but hiding is disabled when search or selection query's root name matches module's root name. This soft hiding mode enables to hide modulefiles from bare module availability listing yet keeping the ability to select such module for load with the regular resolution mechanism (i.e., no need to use module exact name to select it)

When --hard option is set, modulefile is also set hidden and stays hidden even if search or selection query refers to modulefile by its exact name.

When --hidden-loaded option is set, hidden state also applies to the modulefile when it is loaded. Hidden loaded modules do not appear on list sub-command output, unless --all option is set. Their loading or unloading informational messages are not reported unless the verbosity of Modules is set to a level higher than verbose. Hidden loaded modules are detected in any cases by state query commands like is-loaded.

If --after option is set, hiding is only effective after specified date time. Following the same principle, if --before option is set, hiding is only effective before specified date time. Accepted date time format is YYYY-MM-DD[THH:MM]. If no time (HH:MM) is specified, 00:00 is assumed. --after and --before options are not supported on Tcl versions prior to 8.5.

If --not-user option is set, hiding is not applied if the username of the user currently running modulecmd.tcl is part of the list of username specified. Following the same approach, if --not-group option is set, hiding is not applied if current user is member of one the group specified. When both options are set, hiding is not applied if a match is found for --not-user or --not-group.

If the --all option is set on avail, aliases, whatis or search sub-commands, hiding is disabled thus hidden modulefiles are included in module search. Hard-hidden modules (i.e., declared hidden with --hard option) are not affected by --all and stay hidden even if option is set. --all option does not apply to module selection sub-commands like load. Thus in such context a hidden module should always be referred by its exact full name (e.g., foo/1.2.3 not foo) unless if it has been hidden in --soft mode. A hard-hidden module cannot be unveiled or selected in any case.

If several module-hide commands target the same modulefile, the strongest hiding level is retained which means if both a regular, a --soft hiding command match a given module, regular hiding mode is considered. If both a regular and a --hard hiding command match a given module, hard hiding mode is retained. A set --hidden-loaded option is retained even if the module-hide statement on which it is declared is superseded by a stronger module-hide statement with no --hidden-loaded option set.

Hidden modules included in the result of an avail sub-command are reported with a hidden tag applied to them. Hidden loaded modules included in the result of a list sub-command are reported with a hidden-loaded tag applied to them. This tag is not reported on avail sub-command context. See Module tags section in module.

The parameter modulefile may also be a symbolic modulefile name or a modulefile alias. It may also leverage a specific syntax to finely select module version (see Advanced module version specifiers section below).

module-info option [info-args]

Provide information about the modulecmd.tcl program's state. Some of the information is specific to the internals of modulecmd.tcl. option is the type of information to be provided, and info-args are any arguments needed. module-info alias name

Returns the full modulefile name to which the modulefile alias name is assigned

module-info command [commandname]

Returns the currently running modulecmd.tcl's command as a string if no commandname is given. Returns 1 if modulecmd.tcl's command is commandname. commandname can be: load, unload, refresh, reload, source, switch, display, avail, aliases, list, whatis, search, purge, restore, help, test, try-load, load-any, mod-to-sh, reset, stash or stashpop.

module-info loaded modulefile

Returns the names of currently loaded modules matching passed modulefile. The parameter modulefile might either be a fully qualified modulefile with name and version or just a directory which in case all loaded modulefiles from the directory will be returned. The parameter modulefile may also be a symbolic modulefile name or a modulefile alias. This command only returns the name and version of designated loaded module. The defined variants of the loaded module are not included in the returned string.

module-info mode [modetype]

Returns the current modulecmd.tcl's mode as a string if no modetype is given. Returns 1 if modulecmd.tcl's mode is modetype. modetype can be: load, unload, remove (alias of unload), switch, refresh, nonpersist (alias of refresh), display, help, test, whatis or scan.

module-info name

Return the name of the modulefile. This is not the full pathname for modulefile. See the Modules Variables section for information on the full pathname. This command only returns the name and version of currently evaluating modulefile. The defined variants are not included in the returned string. See getvariant command or ModuleVariant array variable to get defined variant values for currently evaluating modulefile.

module-info shell [shellname]

Return the current shell under which modulecmd.tcl was invoked if no shellname is given. The current shell is the first parameter of modulecmd.tcl, which is normally hidden by the module alias. If a shellname is given, returns 1 if modulecmd.tcl's current shell is shellname, returns 0 otherwise. shellname can be: sh, bash, ksh, zsh, csh, tcsh, fish, cmd, tcl, perl, python, ruby, lisp, cmake, r.

module-info shelltype [shelltypename]

Return the family of the shell under which modulefile was invoked if no shelltypename is given. As of module-info shell this depends on the first parameter of modulecmd.tcl. The output reflects a shell type determining the shell syntax of the commands produced by modulecmd.tcl. If a shelltypename is given, returns 1 if modulecmd.tcl's current shell type is shelltypename, returns 0 otherwise. shelltypename can be: sh, csh, fish, cmd, tcl, perl, python, ruby, lisp, cmake, r.

module-info specified

Return the module designation (name, version and variants) specified that led to current modulefile evaluation.

module-info symbols modulefile

Returns a list of all symbolic versions assigned to the passed modulefile. The parameter modulefile might either be a full qualified modulefile with name and version, another symbolic modulefile name or a modulefile alias.

module-info tags [tag]

Returns all tags assigned to currently evaluated modulefile as a list of strings if no tag name is given (see Module tags section in module) When tags are assigned to specific module variants, they are returned only if this variant is the one currently evaluated.

Returns 1 if one of the tags applying to currently evaluated modulefile is tag. Returns 0 otherwise.

module-info type

Returns either C or Tcl to indicate which module command is being executed, either the C version or the Tcl-only version, to allow the modulefile writer to handle any differences between the two.

module-info usergroups [name]

Returns all the groups the user currently running modulecmd.tcl is member of as a list of strings if no name is given. Returns 1 if one of the group current user running modulecmd.tcl is member of is name. Returns 0 otherwise.

If the Modules Tcl extension library is disabled, the id(1) command is invoked to fetch groups of current user.

module-info username [name]

Returns the username of the user currently running modulecmd.tcl as a string if no name is given. Returns 1 if username of current user running modulecmd.tcl is name. Returns 0 otherwise.

If the Modules Tcl extension library is disabled, the id(1) command is invoked to fetch username of current user.

module-info version modulefile

Returns the physical module name and version of the passed symbolic version modulefile. The parameter modulefile might either be a full qualified modulefile with name and version, another symbolic modulefile name or a modulefile alias.

module-tag [options] tag modulefile...

Associate tag to designated modulefile. This tag information will be reported along modulefile on avail and list sub-commands (see Module tags section in module). Tag information can be queried during modulefile evaluation with the module-info tags modulefile command. module-tag commands should be placed in one of the modulecmd.tcl rc files. module-tag command accepts the following options:

- --not-user {user...}

- --not-group {group...}

If --not-user option is set, the tag is not applied if the username of the user currently running modulecmd.tcl is part of the list of username specified. Following the same approach, if --not-group option is set, the tag is not applied if current user is member of one the group specified. When both options are set, the tag is not applied if a match is found for --not-user or --not-group.

The parameter modulefile may also be a symbolic modulefile name or a modulefile alias. It may also leverage a specific syntax to finely select module version (see Advanced module version specifiers section below).

Tags inherited from other modulefile commands or module states cannot be set with module-tag. Otherwise an error is returned. Those special tags are: auto-loaded, forbidden, hidden, hidden-loaded, loaded and nearly-forbidden.

When tag equals sticky or super-sticky, designated modulefile is defined Sticky modules.

When tag equals keep-loaded, designated modulefile is not automatically unloaded when it has been auto-loaded and its dependent modules are getting unloaded.

module-version modulefile version-name...

Assigns the symbolic version-name to the modulefile. This command should be placed in one of the modulecmd.tcl rc files in order to provide shorthand invocations of frequently used modulefile names. The special version-name default specifies the default version to be used for module commands, if no specific version is given. This replaces the definitions made in the .version file in former modulecmd.tcl releases.

The parameter modulefile may be either

- a fully or partially qualified modulefile with name / version. If name is . (dot) then the current directory name is assumed to be the module name. (Use this for deep modulefile directories.)

- a symbolic modulefile name

- another modulefile alias

module-virtual name modulefile

Assigns the modulefile to the virtual module name. This command should be placed in rc files in order to define virtual modules. A virtual module stands for a module name associated to a modulefile. The modulefile is the script interpreted when loading or unloading the virtual module which appears or can be found with its virtual name.

The parameter modulefile corresponds to the relative or absolute file location of a modulefile.

module-whatis string

Defines a string which is displayed in case of the invocation of the module whatis command. There may be more than one module-whatis line in a modulefile. This command takes no actions in case of load, display, etc. invocations of modulecmd.tcl. The string parameter has to be enclosed in double-quotes if there's more than one word specified. Words are defined to be separated by whitespace characters (space, tab, cr).

prepend-path [-d C|--delim C|--delim=C] [--duplicates] variable value...

Append or prepend value to environment variable. The variable is a colon, or delimiter, separated list such as PATH=directory:directory:directory. The default delimiter is a colon :, but an arbitrary one can be given by the --delim option. For example a space can be used instead (which will need to be handled in the Tcl specially by enclosing it in " " or { }). A space, however, can not be specified by the --delim=C form. A reference counter environment variable is also set to know the number of times value has been added to environment variable when it is added more than one time. This reference counter environment variable is named by prefixing variable by __MODULES_SHARE_.

When value is already defined in environment variable, it is not added again or moved at the end or at the beginning of variable. Exception is made when the --duplicates option is set in which case value is added again to variable.

If the variable is not set, it is created. When a modulefile is unloaded, append-path and prepend-path become remove-path.

If value corresponds to the concatenation of multiple elements separated by colon, or delimiter, character, each element is treated separately.

prereq [--optional] [--tag taglist] modulefile...

prereq controls whether or not the modulefile will be loaded. The prereq command lists modulefiles which must have been previously loaded before the current modulefile will be loaded. If a list contains more than one modulefile, then each member of the list acts as a Boolean OR operation. Multiple prereq commands may be used to create a Boolean AND operation. If one of the requirements have not been satisfied, an error is reported and the current modulefile makes no changes to the user's environment. If an argument for prereq is a directory and any modulefile from the directory has been loaded, then the prerequisite is met. For example, specifying X11 as a prereq means that any version of X11, X11/R4 or X11/R5, must be loaded before proceeding.

The parameter modulefile may also be a symbolic modulefile name or a modulefile alias. It may also leverage a specific syntax to finely select module version (see Advanced module version specifiers section below).

When the --optional option is set, the whole list of specified modulefiles is declared as an optional requirement list. Evaluation is not stopped if no modulefile from the list is loaded.

If the auto_handling configuration option is enabled prereq will attempt to load specified modulefile if not found loaded yet (see MODULES_AUTO_HANDLING in module).

The --tag option accepts a list of module tags to apply to modulefile once loaded. taglist corresponds to the concatenation of multiple tags separated by colon character. taglist should not contain tags inherited from modulefile state or from other modulefile commands. If module is already loaded, tags from taglist are added to the list of tags already applied to this module.

prereq-all [--optional] [--tag taglist] modulefile...

Declare modulefile as a requirement of currently loading module. This command acts as an alias of prereq command. If more than one modulefile are specified, then this list acts as a Boolean AND operation, which means all specified modulefiles are required. When the --optional option is set, each specified modulefile is declared as an optional requirement. A modulefile that cannot be loaded, will not stop the evaluation.

prereq-any [--optional] [--tag taglist] modulefile...

Alias of prereq command.

pushenv variable value

Set environment variable to value and save previous value of variable to restore it when modulefile is unloaded. Like for setenv modulefile command, changes made to variable with pushenv are applied to variable in Tcl's env array to update environment variable value in current evaluation context. When modulefile is unloaded, the value saved from the pushenv command of this modulefile is removed from saved value stack list. variable is then set to the remaining value on top of the stack or it is unset if stack becomes empty.

Saved value stack list for variable is stored in an environment variable which is named by prefixing variable by __MODULES_PUSHENV_.

puts [-nonewline] [channelId] string

Writes the characters given by string to the channel given by channelId. This command is not a Modules-specific command, it is actually part of Tcl. See the puts(n) Tcl man page for a complete description of this command. Content written to the stderr channel is rendered as output message produced by modulefile. Content written to the stdout channel is rendered as shell command evaluated in the user current shell environment. Content sent to stdout is spooled to be rendered after the environment changes made by modulefile.

When channelId equals prestdout, content is rendered as shell command evaluated in current shell environment. This content is spooled and rendered prior any other environment changes.

remove-path [options] variable value... [--append-on-unload|--prepend-on-unload value...]

Remove value from the colon, or delimiter, separated list in variable. remove-path command accepts the following options:

- -d C|--delim C|--delim=C

- --index

- --remove-on-unload|--noop-on-unload|--append-on-unload|--prepend-on-unload

See prepend-path or append-path for further explanation of using an arbitrary delimiter. Every string between colons, or delimiters, in variable is compared to value. If the two match, value is removed from variable if its reference counter is equal to 1 or unknown.

When --index option is set, value refers to an index in variable list. The string element pointed by this index is set for removal.

When modulefile is unloaded, no operation is performed by default or if the --noop-on-unload option is set. If the --remove-on-unload option is set, value is removed. If the --append-on-unload option is set, append back value removed at load time or specific value if any set. If the --prepend-on-unload option is set, prepend back value removed at load time or specific value if any set. These options cannot be set if --index option is also set.

Reference counter of value in variable denotes the number of times value has been added to variable. This information is stored in environment __MODULES_SHARE_variable. When attempting to remove value from variable, relative reference counter is checked and value is removed only if counter is equal to 1 or not defined. Otherwise value is kept in variable and reference counter is decreased by 1. If counter equals 1 after being decreased, value and its counter are removed from reference counter variable.

If value corresponds to the concatenation of multiple elements separated by colon, or delimiter, character, each element is treated separately.

reportError string

Output string as an error message during modulefile evaluation and raise error count. reportError does not abort modulefile evaluation. Use the error(n) Tcl command to abort evaluation in addition to emit an error message.

reportWarning string

Output string as a warning message during modulefile evaluation.

require-fullname

Abort load evaluation of modulefile if name specified to designate it is not the fully qualified one. Module alias or a symbolic version names are considered fully qualified names, exception made for the default symbol.

set-alias alias-name alias-string

Sets an alias with the name alias-name in the user's environment to the string alias-string. For some shells, aliases are not possible and the command has no effect (see Shell support section). When a modulefile is unloaded, set-alias becomes unset-alias.

set-function function-name function-string

Creates a function with the name function-name in the user's environment with the function body function-string. For some shells, functions are not possible and the command has no effect (see Shell support section). When a modulefile is unloaded, set-function becomes unset-function.

setenv [--set-if-undef] variable value

Set environment variable to value. The setenv command will also change the process' environment. A reference using Tcl's env associative array will reference changes made with the setenv command. Changes made using Tcl's env associative array will NOT change the user's environment variable like the setenv command. An environment change made this way will only affect the module parsing process. The setenv command is also useful for changing the environment prior to the exec or system command. When a modulefile is unloaded, setenv becomes unsetenv. If the environment variable had been defined it will be overwritten while loading the modulefile. A subsequent unload will unset the environment variable - the previous value cannot be restored! (Unless you handle it explicitly or if you use the pushenv modulefile command instead of setenv) When the --set-if-undef option is set, environment variable is defined when modulefile is loaded only if not yet defined.

source-sh shell script [arg...]

Evaluate with shell the designated script with defined arguments to find out the environment changes it does. Those changes obtained by comparing environment prior and after script evaluation are then translated into corresponding modulefile commands, which are then applied during modulefile evaluation as if they were directly written in it. When modulefile is unloaded, environment changes done are reserved by evaluating in the unload context the resulting modulefile commands, which were recorded in the __MODULES_LMSOURCESH environment variable at load time.

Changes on environment variables, shell aliases, shell functions, shell completions and current working directory are tracked.

Changes made on environment variable intended for Modules private use (e.g., LOADEDMODULES, _LMFILES_, __MODULES_*) are ignored.

Shell could be specified as a command name or a fully qualified pathname. The following shells are supported: sh, dash, csh, tcsh, bash, ksh, ksh93, zsh and fish.

system string

Run string command through shell. On Unix, command is passed to the /bin/sh shell whereas on Windows it is passed to cmd.exe. modulecmd.tcl redirects stdout to stderr since stdout would be parsed by the evaluating shell. The exit status of the executed command is returned.

uname field

Provide lookup of system information. Most field information are retrieved from the tcl_platform array (see the tclvars(n) man page). Uname will return the string unknown if information is unavailable for the field. uname will invoke the uname(1) command in order to get the operating system version and domainname(1) to figure out the name of the domain.

field values are:

- sysname: the operating system name

- nodename: the hostname

- domain: the name of the domain

- release: the operating system release

- version: the operating system version

- machine: a standard name that identifies the system's hardware

uncomplete name

Unsets completion for command name in the user's environment. When a modulefile is unloaded, no operation is performed. The following shells are supported: bash, tcsh and fish.

unset-alias alias-name

Unsets an alias with the name alias-name in the user's environment.

unset-function function-name

Removes a function with the name function-name from the user's environment.

unsetenv [options] variable [value]

Unsets environment variable. When a modulefile is unloaded, no operation is performed unless if an optional value is defined, in which case variable is to value. The unsetenv command changes the process' environment like setenv. If the --noop-on-unload option is set, no operation is performed when modulefile is unloaded. If the --unset-on-unload option is set, environment variable is also unset when modulefile is unloaded. These behaviors are applied even if an optional value is defined.

variant [--boolean] [--default value] name [value...]

Declare module variant name with list of accepted value and instantiate it in the ModuleVariant array variable. Variant's value is selected through the module designation that leads to the modulefile evaluation. See Advanced module version specifiers section to learn how variants could be specified.

Selected variant value is transmitted to the evaluating modulefile. A value must be specified for variant name and it must corresponds to a value in the accepted value list if such list is defined. Otherwise an error is raised. An exception is made if modulefile is evaluated in display mode: no error is raised if no value is specified for a given variant and variant is not instantiated in the ModuleVariant array variable. When no list of accepted value is defined, variant could be set to any value.

When the --default option is set, variant name is set to the value associated with this option in case no value is specified for variant in module designation.

If the --boolean option is set, variant name is defined as a Boolean variant. No list of accepted value should be defined in this case. All values recognized as Boolean value in Tcl are accepted (i.e., 1, true, t, yes, y, on, 0, false, f, no, n or off). Boolean variants are instantiated in ModuleVariant using Tcl canonical form of Boolean value (i.e., 0 or 1).

A variant which is not defined as a Boolean variant cannot define Boolean values in its accepted value list, exception made for the 0 and 1 integers. An error is raised otherwise.

A variant cannot be named version. An error is raised otherwise.

versioncmp version1 version2

Compare version string version1 against version string version2. Returns -1, 0 or 1 respectively if version1 is less than, equal to or greater than version2.

x-resource [resource-string|filename]

Merge resources into the X11 resource database. The resources are used to control look and behavior of X11 applications. The command will attempt to read resources from filename. If the argument isn't a valid file name, then string will be interpreted as a resource. Either filename or resource-string is then passed down to be xrdb(1) command. modulefiles that use this command, should in most cases contain one or more x-resource lines, each defining one X11 resource. The DISPLAY environment variable should be properly set and the X11 server should be accessible. If x-resource can't manipulate the X11 resource database, the modulefile will exit with an error message.

Examples:

x-resource /u2/staff/leif/.xres/Ileaf

The content of the Ileaf file is merged into the X11 resource database.

x-resource [glob ~/.xres/ileaf]

The Tcl glob function is used to have the modulefile read different resource files for different users.

x-resource {Ileaf.popup.saveUnder: True}

Merge the Ileaf resource into the X11 resource database.

Modulefiles and run-command (rc) files are differently interpreted. A limited number of the Modules specific Tcl commands are available for rc files interpretation since such files are intended to set parameters for modulefiles (like defining alias, hiding, tagging, etc) and not to change user environment. The following table summarizes the different commands available for each interpretation context.

Commands available from modulefile interpretation

Commands available from run-command (rc) file interpretation

All the Modules specific and standard Tcl commands

is-loaded, is-used, module-alias, module-forbid, module-hide, module-info, module-tag, module-version, module-virtual, system, uname, versioncmp and standard Tcl commands

NOTE:

Global and user run-command files are interpreted like modulefiles and benefit from all Modules specific Tcl commands. However it not advised to perform environment changes from such files.

## MODULES VARIABLES
ModulesCurrentModulefile

The ModulesCurrentModulefile variable contains the full pathname of the modulefile being interpreted.

ModulesVersion

The ModulesVersion variable can be set in .version file to designate the name of the modulefile version which should be considered as default in current directory (see Locating Modulefiles section below).

ModuleTool

The ModuleTool variable contains the name of the module implementation currently in use. The value of this variable is set to Modules for this implementation.

ModuleToolVersion

The ModuleToolVersion variable contains the version of the module implementation currently in use. The value of this variable is set to 5.3.1 for this version of Modules.

ModuleVariant

The ModuleVariant array variable contains an element entry for each defined variant associated to the value of this variant (e.g., the $ModuleVariant(foo) syntax corresponds to the value of variant foo if defined). A Tcl evaluation error is obtained when accessing an undefined variant in ModuleVariant array. Use preferably the getvariant command to retrieve a variant value when this variant state is not known. The list of the currently defined variants can be retrieved with [array names ModuleVariant] Tcl code.

## LOCATING MODULEFILES
Every directory in MODULEPATH is searched to find the modulefile. A directory in MODULEPATH can have an arbitrary number of sub-directories. If the user names a modulefile to be loaded which is actually a directory, the directory is opened and a search begins for an actual modulefile. First, modulecmd.tcl looks for a file with the name .modulerc in the directory. If this file exists, its contents will be evaluated as if it was a modulefile to be loaded. You may place module-version, module-alias and module-virtual commands inside this file.

Additionally, before seeking for .modulerc files in the module directory, the global modulerc file and the .modulerc file found at the root of the modulepath directory are sourced, too. If a named version default now exists for the modulefile to be loaded, the assigned modulefile now will be sourced. Otherwise the file .version is looked up in the module directory.

If the .version file exists, it is opened and interpreted as Tcl code and takes precedence over a .modulerc file in the same directory. If the Tcl variable ModulesVersion is set by the .version file, modulecmd.tcl will use the name as if it specifies a modulefile in this directory. This will become the default modulefile in this case. ModulesVersion cannot refer to a modulefile located in a different directory.

If ModulesVersion is a directory, the search begins anew down that directory. If the name does not match any files located in the current directory, the search continues through the remaining directories in MODULEPATH.

Every .version and .modulerc file found is interpreted as Tcl code. The difference is that .version only applies to the current directory, and the .modulerc applies to the current directory and all subdirectories. Changes made in these files will affect the subsequently interpreted modulefile.

If a .modulecache file is found at the root of a modulepath directory, this file is interpreted as Tcl code to learn all .modulerc, .version and modulefiles available. Modulepath content is read from module cache file. Modulepath directory is only walked through to check if limited access modulefiles or directories are available to current user.

If no default version may be figured out, an implicit default is selected when this behavior is enabled (see MODULES_IMPLICIT_DEFAULT in module). If disabled, module names should be fully qualified when no explicit default is defined for them, otherwise no default version is found and an error is returned. If enabled, then the highest numerically sorted modulefile, virtual module or module alias under the directory will be used. The dictionary comparison method of the lsort(n) Tcl command is used to achieve this sort. If highest numerically sorted element is an alias, search continues on its modulefile target.

For example, it is possible for a user to have a directory named X11 which simply contains a .version file specifying which version of X11 is to be loaded. Such a file would look like:

```
#%Module1.0
##
##  The desired version of X11
##
set ModulesVersion "R4"
```

The equivalent .modulerc would look like:

```
#%Module1.0
##
##  The desired version of X11
##
module-version "./R4" default
```

If the extended default mechanism is enabled (see MODULES_EXTENDED_DEFAULT in module) the module version specified is matched against starting portion of existing module versions, where portion is a substring separated from the rest of version string by a . character.

When the implicit default mechanism and the Advanced module version specifiers are both enabled, a default and latest symbolic versions are automatically defined for each module name (also at each directory level in case of deep modulefile). Unless a symbolic version, alias, or regular module version already exists for these version names.

Every file in searched directories is checked to see if it begins with the Modules magic cookie (i.e., #%Module file signature) to determine if it is a modulefile (see DESCRIPTION section). When the mcookie_check configuration is set to eval, this check is skipped and all files in search directories are considered modulefiles.

If user names a modulefile that cannot be found in the first modulepath directory, modulefile will be searched in next modulepath directory and so on until a matching modulefile is found. If search goes through a module alias or a symbolic version, this alias or symbol is resolved by first looking at the modulefiles in the modulepath where this alias or symbol is defined. If not found, resolution looks at the other modulepaths in their definition order.

When locating modulefiles, if a .modulerc, a .version, a directory or a modulefile cannot be read during the search it is simply ignored with no error message produced. Visibility of modulefiles can thus be adapted to the rights the user has been granted. Exception is made when trying to directly access a directory or a modulefile. In this case, the access issue is returned as an error message.

Depending on their name, their file permissions or the use of specific modulefile commands, modulefile, virtual module, module alias or symbolic version may be set hidden which impacts available modules search or module selection processes (see Hiding modulefiles section below).

## HIDING MODULEFILES
A modulefile, virtual module, module alias or symbolic version whose name or element in their name starts with a dot character (.) or who are targeted by a module-hide command are considered hidden. Hidden modules are not displayed or taken into account except if they are explicitly named (e.g., foo/1.2.3 or foo/.2.0 not foo). If module has been hidden with the --soft option of the module-hide command set, it is not considered hidden if the root name of the query to search it matches module root name (e.g., searching foo will return a foo/1.2.3 modulefile targeted by a module-hide --soft command). If module has been hidden with the --hard option of the module-hide command set, it is always considered hidden thus it is never displayed nor taken into account even if it is explicitly named.

A modulefile, virtual module, module alias or symbolic version who are targeted by a module-hide --hard command and a module-forbid command or whose file access permissions are restricted are considered hard-hidden and forbidden. Such modules are not displayed or taken into account. When explicitly named for evaluation selection, such modules are unveiled to return an access error.

NOTE:

When the mcookie_check configuration is set to eval, file access permissions are not checked thus files with restricted permissions are included in search results but still lead to error if evaluated.

A symbolic version-name assigned to a hidden module is displayed or taken into account only if explicitly named and if module is not hard-hidden. Non-hidden module alias targeting a hidden modulefile appears like any other non-hidden module alias. Finally, a hidden symbolic version targeting a non-hidden module is displayed or taken into account only if not hard-hidden and explicitly named to refer to its non-hidden target.

The automatic version symbols (e.g., default and latest) are unaffected by hiding. Moreover when a regular default or latest version is set hidden, the corresponding automatic version symbol takes the left spot. For instance, if foo/default which targets foo/1.2.3 is set hard-hidden, the default automatic version symbol will be set onto foo/2.1.3, the highest available version of foo.

When loading a modulefile or a virtual module targeted by a module-hide --hidden-loaded command, this module inherits the hidden-loaded tag. Hidden loaded modules are not reported among list sub-command results.

If the --all is set on avail, aliases, whatis or search sub-commands, hidden modules are taken into account in search. Hard-hidden modules are unaffected by this option.

If the --all is set on list sub-command, hidden loaded modules are included in result output.

## ADVANCED MODULE VERSION SPECIFIERS
When the advanced module version specifiers mechanism is enabled (see MODULES_ADVANCED_VERSION_SPEC in module), the specification of modulefile passed on Modules specific Tcl commands changes. After the module name a version constraint and variants may be added.

### Version specifiers
After the module name a version constraint prefixed by the @ character may be added. It could be directly appended to the module name or separated from it with a space character.

Constraints can be expressed to refine the selection of module version to:

- a single version with the @version syntax, for instance foo@1.2.3 syntax will select module foo/1.2.3

- a list of versions with the @version1,version2,... syntax, for instance foo@1.2.3,1.10 will match modules foo/1.2.3 and foo/1.10

- a range of versions with the @version1:, @:version2 and @version1:version2 syntaxes, for instance foo@1.2: will select all versions of module foo greater than or equal to 1.2, foo@:1.3 will select all versions less than or equal to 1.3 and foo@1.2:1.3 matches all versions between 1.2 and 1.3 including 1.2 and 1.3 versions

Advanced specification of single version or list of versions may benefit from the activation of the extended default mechanism (see MODULES_EXTENDED_DEFAULT in module) to use an abbreviated notation like @1 to refer to more precise version numbers like 1.2.3. Range of versions on its side natively handles abbreviated versions.

In order to be specified in a range of versions or compared to a range of versions, the version major element should corresponds to a number. For instance 10a, 1.2.3, 1.foo are versions valid for range comparison whereas default or foo.2 versions are invalid for range comparison.

Range of versions can be specified in version list, for instance foo@:1.2,1.4:1.6,1.8:. Such specification helps to exclude specific versions, like versions 1.3 and 1.7 in previous example.

If the implicit default mechanism is also enabled (see MODULES_IMPLICIT_DEFAULT in module), a default and latest symbolic versions are automatically defined for each module name (also at each directory level for deep modulefiles). These automatic version symbols are defined unless a symbolic version, alias, or regular module version already exists for these default or latest version names. Using the mod@latest (or mod/latest) syntax ensures highest available version will be selected.

### Variants
After the module name, variants can be specified. Module variants are alternative evaluation of the same modulefile. A variant is specified by associating a value to its name. This specification is then transmitted to the evaluating modulefile which instantiates the variant in the ModuleVariant array variable when reaching the variant modulefile command declaring this variant.

Variant can be specified with the name=value syntax where name is the declared variant name and value, the value this variant is set to when evaluating the modulefile.

Boolean variants can be specified with the +name syntax to set this variant on and with the -name or ~name syntaxes to set this variant off. The -name syntax is not supported on ml command as the minus sign already means to unload designated module. The ~name and +name syntaxes could also be defined appended to another specification word (e.g., the module name, version or another variant specification), whereas -name syntax must be the start of a new specification word.

Boolean variants may also be specified with the name=value syntax. value should be set to 1, true, t, yes, y or on to enable the variant or it should be set to 0, false, f, no, n or off to disable the variant.

Shortcuts may be used to abbreviate variant specification. The variant_shortcut configuration option associates shortcut character to variant name. With a shortcut defined, variant could be specified with the <shortcut>value syntax. For instance if character % is set as a shortcut for variant foo, the %value syntax is equivalent to the foo=value syntax.

Specific characters used in variant specification syntax cannot be used as part of the name of a module. These specific characters are +, ~, = and all characters set as variant shortcut. Exception is made for + character which could be set one or several consecutive times at the end of module name (e.g., name+ or name++).

## DEPENDENCIES BETWEEN MODULEFILES
A modulefile may express dependencies on other modulefiles. Two kind of dependency exist: pre-requirement and conflict. The former means specified modulefiles should be loaded prior the modulefile that express the requirement. The latter means specified modulefiles should not be loaded for the modulefile that express the conflict to be loaded too.

Pre-requirement could be expressed with prereq, prereq-any, prereq-all, depends-on, always-load, module load, module switch, module try-load or module load-any modulefile commands. When the auto_handling configuration option is disabled, required modulefile should be manually loaded prior their dependent modulefile when expressed with the prereq, prereq-any, prereq-all or depends-on modulefile commands. For other commands or when auto_handling is enabled, pre-required modulefiles are automatically loaded.

Conflict is expressed with conflict or module unload modulefile commands. A conflicting loaded modulefile should be manually unloaded prior loading the modulefile that express such conflict when defined with conflict. It is automatically unloaded when expressed with module unload.

It is strongly advised to define dependencies prior environment changes in a modulefile. Dependency resolution should be done before any environment change to ensure the environment is getting set in the same order whether pre-requirements are already loaded, or if they are automatically loaded when loading the modulefile which depends on them, or if all loaded modules are reloaded or refreshed. This is especially important when the modulefile updates an environment variable also altered by other modulefiles like PATH. As the order of the path elements in such variable defines priority, it is important that this order does not change depending on the way the modulefiles are loaded.

module keeps environment consistent which means a modulefile cannot be loaded if its requirements are not loaded or if a conflicting module is loaded. In addition a loaded module cannot be unloaded if other loaded modules depends on it. The automated module handling mechanisms attempt to solve the dependencies expressed by loading or unloading additional modulefiles. When the --no-auto option is set on module command when loading or unload modulefile, automated module handling mechanisms are disabled and dependencies have to be solved manually. When dependencies are not satisfied, modulefile fails to load or unload.

Adding the --not-req option when expressing dependencies in modulefile with the module command will attempt to load or unload the designated modulefile but it will not mark them as pre-requirement or conflict.

Adding the --optional option on prereq, prereq-any, prereq-all, depends-on or always-load modulefile commands declares the pre-requirement as optional. If an optional pre-requirement is not found loaded or cannot be automatically loaded, the dependency expressed is yet considered satisfied. When an optional requirement is loaded afterward, the dependent module will get automatically reloaded if the auto_handling configuration option is enabled.

By adding the --force option to the module command when loading or unloading modulefile, the consistency checks are by-passed. This option cannot be used when expressing dependencies in modulefiles. If a module has been force loaded whereas its requirements are not loaded or whereas a conflicting module is also loaded, the user environment is said inconsistent.

Note that a pre-requirement should be found in the loaded module list prior its dependent module. User environment is considered inconsistent if pre-requirement module is found loaded after dependent module, as the environment changes may have been done in the wrong priority order.

When user environment is considered inconsistent global operations achieved by refresh, reload and save sub-commands cannot perform. This mechanism is there to avoid the situation to worsen by re-evaluating all loaded modules or recording this environment.

When the auto_handling configuration option is enabled, if missing pre-requirement modulefile gets loaded or conflicting modulefile gets unloaded the inconsistent loaded module will be automatically reloaded to make user environment consistent again.

## MODULEFILE SPECIFIC HELP
Users can request help about a specific modulefile through the module command. The modulefile can print helpful information or start help oriented programs by defining a ModulesHelp subroutine. The subroutine will be called when the module help modulefile command is used.

## MODULEFILE SPECIFIC TEST
Users can request test of a specific modulefile through the module command. The modulefile can perform some sanity checks on its definition or on its underlying programs by defining a ModulesTest subroutine. The subroutine will be called when the module test modulefile command is used. The subroutine should return 1 in case of success. If no or any other value is returned, test is considered failed.

## MODULEFILE DISPLAY
The module display modulefile command will detail all changes that will be made to the environment. After displaying all of the environment changes modulecmd.tcl will call the ModulesDisplay subroutine. The ModulesDisplay subroutine is a good place to put additional descriptive information about the modulefile.

## COMPATIBILITY WITH LMOD TCL MODULEFILE
The modulecmd.tcl program supports Tcl modulefile written for Lmod, the alternative module implementation developed in Lua. Such modulefiles can be evaluated by Modules without raising error. Differences between the two implementations are listed below.

The add-property, remove-property and extensions modulefile commands are evaluated as a no-operation command. No error is obtained if these commands are used in modulefiles but no change occurs.

The break command does not accept any argument. A msg argument can be set on Lmod to provide a customized break error message.

Use of reportError command aborts modulefile evaluation on Lmod. This command only reports an error message on Modules.

The require-fullname command only aborts load modulefile evaluation whereas the Lmod implementation also aborts unload and display evaluations.

When processing a family command, the LMOD_FAMILY_<NAME> environment variable is also defined to be compatible with modulefiles or scripts relying on such variable.

When unloading a modulefile, the pushenv command does not update the value of the environment variable if this modulefile was not defining the value currently in use.

The third optional argument of append-path and prepend-path commands corresponds to a priority specification on Lmod whereas these two commands accept multiple path element arguments on Modules.

The prereq command is equivalent to the prereq-any command on Modules whereas on Lmod it is equivalent to the prereq-all command.

If the auto_handling configuration option is disabled, the requirements defined with the depends-on command are not automatically loaded and an error is raised if none of these requirements are found loaded.

On module load-any sub-command and modulefile command, a modulefile evaluation error is not reported and module load-any continues to the next modulefile instead of aborting the whole process. No attempt to load listed modulefiles is made if one of these modulefiles is found already loaded.

On module try-load modulefile command, each modulefile specified is considered an optional pre-requirement. If it is loaded afterward and if the auto_handling configuration option is enabled, the dependent module will get automatically reloaded.

## SHELL SUPPORT
The modulecmd.tcl program that evaluates modulefiles supports a variety of shells or languages: sh family shells (sh, bash, ksh and zsh), csh family shells (csh and tcsh), fish, cmd, python, perl, ruby, tcl, cmake, r, and lisp.

Modulefiles produce environment changes when evaluated, like defining an environment variable. The modulecmd.tcl program outputs the corresponding code for the selected "shell". Thereafter this code is evaluated by the module alias or function to update the current environment.

Depending on the "shell" kind, not all the environment changes that can be defined in modulefiles are supported. The following table summarizes the changes that are supported by the shells supported by modulecmd.tcl.

Environment variables (setenv, unsetenv, pushenv, append-path, prepend-path, remove-path)

Shell alias (set-alias, unset-alias)

Shell functions (set-function, unset-function)

Command completion (complete, uncomplete)

chdir

x-resource

sh

⦁

⦁

⦁

⦁

⦁

bash

⦁

⦁

⦁

⦁

⦁

⦁

ksh

⦁

⦁

⦁

⦁

⦁

zsh

⦁

⦁

⦁

⦁

⦁

csh

⦁

⦁

⦁

⦁

tcsh

⦁

⦁

⦁

⦁

⦁

fish

⦁

⦁

⦁

⦁

⦁

⦁

cmd

⦁

⦁

⦁

python

⦁

⦁

⦁

perl

⦁

⦁

⦁

ruby

⦁

⦁

⦁

tcl

⦁

⦁

⦁

cmake

⦁

⦁

r

⦁

⦁

⦁

lisp

⦁

⦁

⦁

The source-sh command evaluates a shell script and produces the modulefile commands corresponding to the environment changes made by this script. source-sh is able to evaluate sh, bash, ksh, zsh, csh, tcsh and fish shell scripts. source-sh produces environment changes corresponding to the kinds listed in the above table. Based on the evaluated script, refer to the above table to know the environment changes that will be rendered for the shell specified to modulecmd.tcl program.

## ENVIRONMENT
See the ENVIRONMENT section in the module man page.

## SEE ALSO
module, ml, Tcl(n), TclX(n), id(1), xrdb(1), exec(n), uname(1), domainname(1), tclvars(n), lsort(n)

## NOTES
Tcl was developed by John Ousterhout at the University of California at Berkeley.

TclX was developed by Karl Lehenbauer and Mark Diekhans.

## COPYRIGHT
1996-1999 John L. Furlani & Peter W. Osel, 1998-2017 R.K.Owen, 2002-2004 Mark Lakata, 2004-2017 Kent Mein, 2016-2022 Xavier Delaruelle


cckd

package: hercules

title: cckd(4)

text:
# cckd(4)

## NAME
cckd - Hercules Compressed CKD DASD image file

## DESCRIPTION
Hercules DASD image file that emulates IBM mainframe DASD devices on a (usually) non-mainframe platform. Specified in the Hercules configuration file (default name hercules.cnf) to describe the DASD devices Hercules is to emulate. Also specified as input and/or output file to several Hercules utilities. Hercules compressed DASD devices are frequently referred to as CCKD. Hercules uncompressed DASD devices are frequently referred to as CKD. Hercules CKD DASD image files are largely compatible with P/390 AWS DASD files.

## TECHNICAL OVERVIEW
The following provides a technical overview of CCKD internal structures. Except as indicated below, data in the following structures is stored in the byte order indicated by the CDEVHDR.options CCKD_BIGENDIAN bit (the 0x02 bit). This bit is 1 when data is big-endian byte order, 0 when data is little-endian byte order.

### DEVHDR
occupies the first 512 bytes of a CKD or CCKD DASD file. The DEVHDR contains the device type and the number of heads per cylinder. Its contents are the same whether the DASD image is compressed (CCKD) or not (CKD). Described by the CKDDASD_DEVHDR struct; 512 bytes in size.

### CDEVHDR
immediately follows the DEVHDR, and contains fields describing the number of L1ENTs in the L1TAB, the number of L2ENTs in each L2TAB, and anchors the free space chain. Described by the CCKDDASD_DEVHDR struct; 512 bytes in size.

### L1TAB
immediately follows the CDEVHDR, and consists of L1ENT entries, each of which points to an L2TAB. Each L1ENT is an U32 (4 bytes) offset into the CCKD DASD file. The CDEVHDR numl1tab field describes how many L1ENTs are in the L1TAB. L1ENTs are described by the CCKD_L1ENT typedef; the L1TAB is of variable size. Conceptually each L1ENT describes cdevhdr.numl2tab tracks.

### L2TAB
is pointed to by an L1ENT, and is composed of L2ENT entries, the number of which is described by the CDEVHDR numl2tab field; currently 256 L2ENTs in each L2TAB. L2ENTs contain the offset to the TRKHDR, and the combined length of the TRKHDR and (optionally) compressed track data. The CDEVHDR numl2tab field describes how many L2ENTs are in each L2TAB. Currently, there are 256 L2ENTs in each L2TAB. Described by the CCKD_L2ENT struct; (256 * 8) bytes in size. Conceptually each L2ENT describes one track.

### FREEBLK
describes free space in the CCKD DASD image, anchored by the CDEVHDR free field. Consists of a 4 byte offset to the next free space (or zero for end of free space chain), and a 4 byte length of the free space (which length includes the 8 bytes occupied by the FREEBLK itself), followed by zero or more bytes of residual data. Described by the first 8 bytes of the CCKD_FREEBLK struct; 8 bytes in size.

### TRKHDR
Occurs once at the beginning of each track. contains flag (one byte), CC (two bytes), and HH (two bytes) of the track. When the flag byte = 0x00, TRKHDR is the same as the Home Address on real DASD. Flag bits are described in hercules.h, and are of the format nlllllcc where n=1 for new track header format, lllll is used for track recovery purposes, and cc describes the track compression algorithm. The compression algorithms are: B'00' = uncompressed, B'01' = zlib, B'10' = bzip2, B'11' is currently invalid. Data in TRKHDR is stored in big-endian byte order. Described by the CKDDASD_TRKHDR struct; 5 bytes in size.

### COUNT field
8 bytes, containing CC (two bytes), HH (two bytes), R (one byte), KL (one byte), and DL (two bytes). CC is the (relative zero) cylinder number. HH is the (relative zero) head number. R is the (relative zero) record number on the track. KL is the key length; if zero no key is present. DL is the length of the data record. Data in the COUNT field is stored in big-endian byte order. Described by the CKDDASD_RECHDR struct; 8 bytes in size.

### KEY field
if present, KL bytes of record key; immediately follows the COUNT field. Byte order is not a factor for the KEY field; to the extent it is examined by Hercules code it is simply a byte stream. Size varies.

### DATA field.
if present, DL bytes of record data; immediately follows the KEY field for keyed record, else immediately follows the COUNT field for unkeyed records. Byte order is not a factor for the DATA field; to the extent it is examined by Hercules code it is simply a byte stream. Size varies.

## GLOSSARY

### CKD
Count, Key, Data - contents of an track. Also refers to the Hercules uncompressed DASD image file.

### CCKD
Compressed Count, Key, Data - compressed contents of a track. Also refers to the Hercules compressed DASD image file.

### DASD
Direct Access Storage Device - term the IBM mainframe world uses to refer to hard drives.

### EOT
End Of Track - indicated by 8X'FF' in the COUNT field.

## SEE ALSO
http://www.hercules-390.org/ the Hercules emulator homepage.

http://www.hercules-390.org/cckddasd.html which describes

the Hercules CCKD DASD facility.

http://www.hercules-390.org/hercconf.html which describes

the Hercules configuration file.

## HISTORY
2003-02-07 originally written by James M. Morrison


irnet

package: irda-utils

title: irnet(4)

summary: IrNET protocol device

text:
# irnet(4)

## NAME
irnet - IrNET protocol device

## DESCRIPTION
File /dev/irnet is used to access and configure the IrNET protocol part of the Linux-IrDA stack.

IrNET is a protocol allowing to create TCP/IP connections between two IrDA peers in an efficient fashion, and generally to enable standard networking over IrDA. It is a thin layer, passing PPP packets to IrTTP and vice versa. It uses PPP in synchronous mode, because IrTTP offer a reliable sequenced packet service (as opposed to a byte stream). In fact, you could see IrNET as carrying TCP/IP in a IrDA socket, using PPP to provide the glue.

The main difference with traditional PPP over IrCOMM is that it avoids the framing and serial emulation which are a performance bottleneck. It also allows multipoint communications in a sensible fashion. And finally, it can automatically handle incomming connections through irnetd.

The main difference with IrLAN is that we use PPP for the link management, which is more standard, interoperable and flexible than the IrLAN protocol. For example, PPP adds authentication, encryption, compression, header compression and automated routing setup. And, as IrNET let PPP do the hard work, the implementation is much simpler than IrLAN.

IrNET connections are initiated and managed with pppd(8). File /dev/irnet also offer a control channel. Reads from /dev/irnet will return various IrNET events. Write to /dev/irnet allow to configure the IrNET connection.

## CONFIGURATION
If your system does not have /dev/irnet created already, it can be created with the following commands:

```
        mknod -m 644 /dev/irnet c 10 187

        chown root:root /dev/irnet
```

You will also need to have IrNET support in your kernel or as module and the Linux-IrDA stack installed and configured (see irattach(8)).

File /dev/irnet is supposed to only be used with the PPP line discipline or for accessing the control channel, other use are unsupported. IrNET support multiple concurent connections (limited by the IrDA stack), all those connections are multiplexed on a single /dev/irnet device (as opposed to IrCOMM which as one device per connection).

## PARAMETERS
Writing commands to /dev/irnet allow to configure the IrNET connection being made. This need to be done through pppd(8) (see below for examples). Commands are separated by comas.

name <peer>

Connect to the IrDA device which IrDA nickname is <peer>. The IrDA nickname is a string up to 31 characters.

daddr <peer>

Connect to the IrDA device which IrDA address is <peer>. The IrDA address is a 32 bits hexadecimal number.

raddr <port>

Restrict connections to the local IrDA interface which IrDA address is <port>. The IrDA address is a 32 bits hexadecimal number.

## DISPLAY
Reading from /dev/irnet will show various IrNET events. This is usually done with the command cat /dev/irnet.

Found

Dump of the current IrNET discovery log.

Discovered

New IrNET device discovered.

Expired

Previously discovered IrNET device no longer present.

Connected to

This computer successfully established an IrNET connection to a peer.

Connection from

A peer successfully established an IrNET connection to this computer.

Request from

A peer attempted to connect to this computer, but no IrNET connection was waiting for it.

No-answer from

This computer attempted to connect to a peer, but no IrNET connection was waiting for it.

Blocked link with

The IrDA link of the IrNET connection is currently blocked.

Disconnection from

A peer successfully terminated an IrNET connection with this computer.

Disconnected to

This computer successfully terminated an IrNET connection with a peer.

File /proc/net/irda/irnet will also show the current state of the various IrNET connections.

## EXAMPLE
Start a IrNET server accepting any incomming connection:

pppd /dev/irnet 9600 local noauth nolock passive

Start a IrNET client connecting to any IrDA peer:

pppd /dev/irnet 9600 local noauth nolock

Start a IrNET client connecting to the IrDA peer called MyIrDANode:

pppd /dev/irnet 9600 local noauth nolock connect "echo name MyIrDANode"

Start a IrNET server accepting incomming connection from peer with IrDA address 0x12345678 only on IrDA port 0x87654321:

pppd /dev/irnet 9600 local noauth nolock passive connect "echo daddr 0x12345678 , saddr 0x87654321"

## AUTHOR
Jean Tourrilhes - jt@hpl.hp.com

## FILES
/dev/irnet

/proc/net/irda/irnet

## SEE ALSO
irda(7), irnetd(8), pppd(8), irattach(8), irdadump(8).