fping

package: fping

title: fping(8)

text:
# fping(8)

## NAME
fping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts

## SYNOPSIS
fping [ options ] [ systems... ]

## DESCRIPTION
fping is a program like ping which uses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request to determine if a target host is responding. fping differs from ping in that you can specify any number of targets on the command line, or specify a file containing the lists of targets to ping. Instead of sending to one target until it times out or replies, fping will send out a ping packet and move on to the next target in a round-robin fashion. In the default mode, if a target replies, it is noted and removed from the list of targets to check; if a target does not respond within a certain time limit and/or retry limit it is designated as unreachable. fping also supports sending a specified number of pings to a target, or looping indefinitely (as in ping ). Unlike ping, fping is meant to be used in scripts, so its output is designed to be easy to parse. Current statistics can be obtained without termination of process with signal SIGQUIT (^\ from the keyboard on most systems).

## OPTIONS
-4, --ipv4

Restrict name resolution and IPs to IPv4 addresses.

-6, --ipv6

Restrict name resolution and IPs to IPv6 addresses.

-a, --alive

Show systems that are alive.

-A, --addr

Display targets by address rather than DNS name. Combined with -d, the output will be both the ip and (if available) the hostname.

-b, --size=BYTES

Number of bytes of ping data to send. The minimum size (normally 12) allows room for the data that fping needs to do its work (sequence number, timestamp). The reported received data size includes the IP header (normally 20 bytes) and ICMP header (8 bytes), so the minimum total size is 40 bytes. Default is 56, as in ping. Maximum is the theoretical maximum IP datagram size (64K), though most systems limit this to a smaller, system-dependent number.

-B, --backoff=N

Backoff factor. In the default mode, fping sends several requests to a target before giving up, waiting longer for a reply on each successive request. This parameter is the value by which the wait time (-t) is multiplied on each successive request; it must be entered as a floating-point number (x.y). The default is 1.5.

-c, --count=N

Number of request packets to send to each target. In this mode, a line is displayed for each received response (this can suppressed with -q or -Q). Also, statistics about responses for each target are displayed when all requests have been sent (or when interrupted). This option overrides -a or -u.

-C, --vcount=N

Similar to -c, but the per-target statistics are displayed in a format designed for automated response-time statistics gathering. For example:

```
 $ fping -C 5 -q somehost
 somehost : 91.7 37.0 29.2 - 36.8

```

shows the response time in milliseconds for each of the five requests, with the "-" indicating that no response was received to the fourth request. This option overrides -a or -u.

-d, --rdns

Use DNS to lookup address of ping target. This allows you to give fping a list of IP addresses as input and print hostnames in the output. This is similar to option -n/--name, but will force a reverse-DNS lookup even if you give hostnames as target (NAME->IP->NAME).

-D, --timestamp

Add Unix timestamps in front of output lines generated with in looping or counting modes (-l, -c, or -C).

-e, --elapsed

Show elapsed (round-trip) time of packets.

-f, --file

Read list of targets from a file.

-g, --generate addr/mask

Generate a target list from a supplied IP netmask, or a starting and ending IP. Specify the netmask or start/end in the targets portion of the command line. If a network with netmask is given, the network and broadcast addresses will be excluded. ex. To ping the network 192.168.1.0/24, the specified command line could look like either:

```
 $ fping -g 192.168.1.0/24

```

or

```
 $ fping -g 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.254

```

-h, --help

Print usage message.

-H, --ttl=N

Set the IP TTL field (time to live hops).

-i, --interval=MSEC

The minimum amount of time (in milliseconds) between sending a ping packet to any target (default is 10, minimum is 1).

-I, --iface=IFACE

Set the interface (requires SO_BINDTODEVICE support).

-k, --fwmark=FWMARK

Set FWMARK on ping packets for policy-based routing. Requires Linux kernel 2.6.25<=, and root privileges or cap_net_admin.

-l, --loop

Loop sending packets to each target indefinitely. Can be interrupted with Ctrl-C; statistics about responses for each target are then displayed.

-m, --all

Send pings to each of a target host's multiple IP addresses (use of option '-A' is recommended).

-M, --dontfrag

Set the "Don't Fragment" bit in the IP header (used to determine/test the MTU).

-n, --name

If targets are specified as IP addresses, do a reverse-DNS lookup on them to print hostnames in the output.

-N, --netdata

Format output for netdata (-l -Q are required). See: <https://netdata.cloud/>

-o, --outage

Calculate "outage time" based on the number of lost pings and the interval used (useful for network convergence tests).

-O, --tos=N

Set the typ of service flag (TOS). N can be either decimal or hexadecimal (0xh) format.

-p, --period=MSEC

In looping or counting modes (-l, -c, or -C), this parameter sets the time in milliseconds that fping waits between successive packets to an individual target. Default is 1000 and minimum is 10.

-q, --quiet

Quiet. Don't show per-probe results, but only the final summary. Also don't show ICMP error messages.

-Q, --squiet=SECS

Like -q, but additionally show interval summary results every SECS seconds.

-r, --retry=N

Retry limit (default 3). This is the number of times an attempt at pinging a target will be made, not including the first try.

-R, --random

Instead of using all-zeros as the packet data, generate random bytes. Use to defeat, e.g., link data compression.

-s, --stats

Print cumulative statistics upon exit.

-S, --src=addr

Set source address.

-t, --timeout=MSEC

Initial target timeout in milliseconds. In the default, non-loop mode, the default timeout is 500ms, and it represents the amount of time that fping waits for a response to its first request. Successive timeouts are multiplied by the backoff factor specified with -B. In loop/count mode, the default timeout is automatically adjusted to match the "period" value (but not more than 2000ms). You can still adjust the timeout value with this option, if you wish to, but note that setting a value larger than "period" produces inconsistent results, because the timeout value can be respected only for the last ping.

Also note that any received replies that are larger than the timeout value, will be discarded.

-T n

Ignored (for compatibility with fping 2.4).

-u, --unreach

Show targets that are unreachable.

-v, --version

Print fping version information.

-x, --reachable=N

Given a list of hosts, this mode checks if number of reachable hosts is >= N and exits true in that case.

-X, --fast-reachable=N

Given a list of hosts, this mode immediately exits true once N alive hosts have been found.

## EXAMPLES
Generate 20 pings to two hosts in ca. 1 second (i.e. one ping every 50 ms to each host), and report every ping RTT at the end:

```
 $ fping --quiet --interval=1 --vcount=20 --period=50 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.2
```

## AUTHORS

- Roland J. Schemers III, Stanford University, concept and versions 1.x

- RL "Bob" Morgan, Stanford University, versions 2.x

- David Papp, versions 2.3x and up

- David Schweikert, versions 3.0 and up

fping website: <http://www.fping.org>

## DIAGNOSTICS
Exit status is 0 if all the hosts (or the number of hosts specified with -x or -X) are reachable, 1 if some (or too many with -x or -X) hosts were unreachable, 2 if any IP addresses were not found, 3 for invalid command line arguments, and 4 for a system call failure.

## RESTRICTIONS
If fping was configured with "--enable-safe-limits", the following values are not allowed for non-root users:

- -i n, where n < 1 msec

- -p n, where n < 10 msec

## SEE ALSO
ping(8)


ipa-healthcheck

package: freeipa-healthcheck

title: ipa-healthcheck(8)

text:
# ipa-healthcheck(8)

## NAME
ipa-healthcheck - Check on the health of an IPA installation

## SYNOPSIS
ipa-healthcheck [OPTION]...

## DESCRIPTION
An IPA installation is a complex system and identifying real or potential issues can be difficult and require a lot of analysis. This tool aims to reduce the burden of that and attempts to identify issues in advance so they can be corrected, ideally before the issue is critical.

This tool must be run as root in order to access all components of a system.

### ORGANIZATION
These areas of the system to check can be logically grouped together. This grouping is called a source. A source consists of one or more checks.

A check is as atomic as possible to limit the scope and complexity and provide a yes/no answer on whether that particular configuration is correct.

Each check will return a result, either a result of WARNING, ERROR or CRITICAL or SUCCESS. Returning SUCCESS tells you that the check was done and was deemed correct. This should help track when the last time something was examined.

Upon failure the output will include the source and check that detected the failure along with a message and name/value pairs indicating the problem. It may very well be that the check can't make a final determination and generally defaults to WARNING if it can't be sure so that it can be examined.

### IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
There is no need for users to authenticate and get a ticket in advance for ipa-healthcheck to work. Existing tickets will not be used as ipa-healthcheck will leverage the host keytab and use a temporary credential cache.

## OPTIONS

### COMMANDS
--list-sources

Display a list of the available sources and the checks associated with those sources.

### OPTIONAL ARGUMENTS
--config=FILE

The configuration file to use. If an empty string is passed in then no configuration file is loaded. The default is /etc/ipahealthcheck/ipahealthcheck.conf.

--source=SOURCE

Execute checks within the named source, or all sources in the given namespace.

--check=CHECK

Execute this particular check within a source. The exact source must also be specified via --source.

--output-type=TYPE

Set the output type. Supported variants are human, json, and prometheus. The default is json.

--failures-only

Exclude SUCCESS results on output. If stdin is a tty then this will default to True. In all other cases it defaults to False.

--all

Report all results.

--severity=SEVERITY

Only report errors in the requested severity of SUCCESS, WARNING, ERROR or CRITICAL. This can be provided multiple times to search on multiple levels.

--verbose

Generate verbose output.

--debug

Generate additional debugging output.

### JSON OUTPUT
The results are displayed as a list of result messages for each check executed in JSON format. This could be input for a monitoring system.

--output-file=FILENAME

Write the output to this filename rather than stdout.

--input-file=FILENAME

Read the results of a previous run and re-display them.

--indent=INDENT

Pretty-print the JSON with this indention level. This can make the output more human-readable.

### HUMAN-READABLE OUTPUT
The results are displayed in a more human-readable format.

--input-file=FILENAME

Take as input a JSON results output and convert it to a more human-readable form.

### PROMETHEUS OUTPUT
The results are displayed in the Prometheus text metric exposition format.

--input-file=FILENAME

Uses the JSON-formatted results output as metrics source.

--metric-prefix=PREFIX

Prefix to use for metric names.

## EXAMPLES
Execute healthcheck with the default JSON output:

```
# ipa-healthcheck
```

Execute healthcheck with a prettier JSON output:

```
# ipa-healthcheck --indent 2
```

Execute healthcheck and only display errors:

```
# ipa-healthcheck --failures-only
```

Display in human-readable output a previous report:

```
# ipa-healthcheck --output-type human --input-file \
        /var/log/ipa/healthcheck/healthcheck.log
```

## FILES
/etc/ipahealthcheck/ipahealthcheck.conf

## EXIT STATUS
0 if all checks were successful

1 if any one check failed or the command failed to execute properly

## INTERNET RESOURCES
Main website: https://www.freeipa.org/

Git repository for ipa-healthcheck: https://www.github.com/freeipa/freeipa-healthcheck/

## OTHER RESOURCES
The ipa-healthcheck distribution includes a documentation file named README.md which contains detailed explanations on executed checks.

branch: sisyphus


ipactl

package: freeipa-server-core

title: ipactl(8)

summary: IPA Server Control Interface

text:
# ipactl(8)

## NAME
ipactl - IPA Server Control Interface

## SYNOPSIS
ipactl command

## DESCRIPTION
A tool to help an administer control an IPA environment.

IPA glues several discrete services together to work in concert and the order that these services are started and stopped is important. ipactl ensures that they are started and stopped in the correct order.

IPA stores the available masters and the services configured on each one. The first thing ipactl does is start (if it is not already running) the IPA 389-ds instance to query what services it controls. The hostname used in the query needs to match the hostname of the value stored in LDAP. This can be controlled with the host option in /etc/ipa/default.conf. This should be a fully-qualified hostname.

## OPTIONS
start

Start all of the services that make up IPA

stop

Stop all of the services that make up IPA

restart

Stop then start all of the services that make up IPA

status

Provides status of all the services that make up IPA

-d, --debug

Display debugging information

--skip-version-check

Skip version check

--ignore-service-failures

If any service start fails, do not rollback the services, continue with the operation

-f, --force

Force IPA to start. Combine options --skip-version-check and --ignore-service-failures

## EXIT STATUS
All actions except status:

0 success

1 a generic error occurred

2 unknown or invalid argument(s)

4 user has insufficient privilege

6 IPA server is not configured

For the status action:

0 service is running

3 service is not running

4 service status is unknown (or unconfigured)

If not executed as root then the status action will return 4 for insufficient privileges.

Some services are socket activated and may show as STOPPED by the status action. These services include ipa-ods-exporter and ipa-otpd.


ipa-gpo-install

package: freeipa-server-gpo

title: ipa-gpo-install(8)

text:
# ipa-gpo-install(8)

## NAME
ipa-gpo-install - Prepare FreeIPA for Group Policy Management

## SYNOPSIS
ipa-gpo-install [ --check-only ] [ --debuglevel LEVEL ]

## DESCRIPTION
ipa-gpo-install

Prepares a FreeIPA server for group policy management by extending the LDAP schema with group policy-related

object classes and creating the necessary directory structure.

The utility performs several checks and necessary actions:

- Extends the FreeIPA LDAP schema with group policy object classes

- Installs AD trust support if it is not already installed

- Creates the SYSVOL directory structure

- Configures the Samba SYSVOL share

## OPTIONS
--check-only

Only perform checks without making changes.

--debuglevel LEVEL

Set the debug level: 0=errors, 1=warnings, 2=debug. Default is 0.

## EXIT CODES
0

The application successfully completed.

1

An error occurred during execution.

## FILES
/var/log/freeipa/ipa-gpo-install.log

The ipa-gpo-install log file.

/var/lib/freeipa/sysvol

The SYSVOL directory for storing group policies.

/etc/samba/smb.conf

The Samba configuration file.

## REQUIREMENTS
This utility requires a correctly installed and configured FreeIPA server. It must be run with root privileges on the FreeIPA

server and requires a valid Kerberos ticket for a user who is a domain administrator or a member of the 'admins' group.

## SEE ALSO
ipa-adtrust-install(1), ipa(1), kinit(1)

## BUGS
Please report any bugs to the ALT Linux Bugzilla bug tracking system at https://bugzilla.altlinux.org/ for this package.

## AUTHOR
skachedubov@altlinux.org


bmc-device

package: freeipmi

title: bmc-device(8)

summary: perform advanced BMC commands

text:
# bmc-device(8)

## NAME
bmc-device - perform advanced BMC commands

## SYNOPSIS
bmc-device [OPTION...]

## DESCRIPTION
bmc-device supports a variety of IPMI commands to perform advanced BMC functions. This tool is primarily used for development debugging, BMC error recovery, retrieving detailed technical information, and other advanced purposes. Most IPMI users will not need to use this tool. Some of the bmc-device commands are not supported on all motherboards.

Listed below are general IPMI options, tool specific options, trouble shooting information, workaround information, examples, and known issues. For a general introduction to FreeIPMI please see freeipmi(7).

## GENERAL OPTIONS
The following options are general options for configuring IPMI communication and executing general tool commands.

-D IPMIDRIVER, --driver-type=IPMIDRIVER

Specify the driver type to use instead of doing an auto selection. The currently available outofband drivers are LAN and LAN_2_0, which perform IPMI 1.5 and IPMI 2.0 respectively. The currently available inband drivers are KCS, SSIF, OPENIPMI, SUNBMC, and INTELDCMI.

--disable-auto-probe

Do not probe in-band IPMI devices for default settings.

--driver-address=DRIVER-ADDRESS

Specify the in-band driver address to be used instead of the probed value. DRIVER-ADDRESS should be prefixed with "0x" for a hex value and '0' for an octal value.

--driver-device=DEVICE

Specify the in-band driver device path to be used instead of the probed path.

--register-spacing=REGISTER-SPACING

Specify the in-band driver register spacing instead of the probed value. Argument is in bytes (i.e. 32bit register spacing = 4)

--target-channel-number=CHANNEL-NUMBER

Specify the in-band driver target channel number to send IPMI requests to.

--target-slave-address=SLAVE-ADDRESS

Specify the in-band driver target slave number to send IPMI requests to.

-h IPMIHOST1,IPMIHOST2,..., --hostname=IPMIHOST1[:PORT],IPMIHOST2[:PORT],...

Specify the remote host(s) to communicate with. Multiple hostnames may be separated by comma or may be specified in a range format; see HOSTRANGED SUPPORT below. An optional port can be specified with each host, which may be useful in port forwarding or similar situations. If specifying an IPv6 address and port, use the format [ADDRESS]:PORT.

-u USERNAME, --username=USERNAME

Specify the username to use when authenticating with the remote host. If not specified, a null (i.e. anonymous) username is assumed. The user must have atleast USER privileges in order for this tool to operate fully.

-p PASSWORD, --password=PASSWORD

Specify the password to use when authenticationg with the remote host. If not specified, a null password is assumed. Maximum password length is 16 for IPMI 1.5 and 20 for IPMI 2.0.

-P, --password-prompt

Prompt for password to avoid possibility of listing it in process lists.

-k K_G, --k-g=K_G

Specify the K_g BMC key to use when authenticating with the remote host for IPMI 2.0. If not specified, a null key is assumed. To input the key in hexadecimal form, prefix the string with '0x'. E.g., the key 'abc' can be entered with the either the string 'abc' or the string '0x616263'

-K, --k-g-prompt

Prompt for k-g to avoid possibility of listing it in process lists.

--session-timeout=MILLISECONDS

Specify the session timeout in milliseconds. Defaults to 20000 milliseconds (20 seconds) if not specified.

--retransmission-timeout=MILLISECONDS

Specify the packet retransmission timeout in milliseconds. Defaults to 1000 milliseconds (1 second) if not specified. The retransmission timeout cannot be larger than the session timeout.

-a AUTHENTICATION-TYPE, --authentication-type=AUTHENTICATION-TYPE

Specify the IPMI 1.5 authentication type to use. The currently available authentication types are NONE, STRAIGHT_PASSWORD_KEY, MD2, and MD5. Defaults to MD5 if not specified.

-I CIPHER-SUITE-ID, --cipher-suite-id=CIPHER-SUITE-ID

Specify the IPMI 2.0 cipher suite ID to use. The Cipher Suite ID identifies a set of authentication, integrity, and confidentiality algorithms to use for IPMI 2.0 communication. The authentication algorithm identifies the algorithm to use for session setup, the integrity algorithm identifies the algorithm to use for session packet signatures, and the confidentiality algorithm identifies the algorithm to use for payload encryption. Defaults to cipher suite ID 3 if not specified. The following cipher suite ids are currently supported: 0 - Authentication Algorithm = None; Integrity Algorithm = None; Confidentiality Algorithm = None

1 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-SHA1; Integrity Algorithm = None; Confidentiality Algorithm = None

2 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-SHA1; Integrity Algorithm = HMAC-SHA1-96; Confidentiality Algorithm = None

3 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-SHA1; Integrity Algorithm = HMAC-SHA1-96; Confidentiality Algorithm = AES-CBC-128

6 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-MD5; Integrity Algorithm = None; Confidentiality Algorithm = None

7 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-MD5; Integrity Algorithm = HMAC-MD5-128; Confidentiality Algorithm = None

8 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-MD5; Integrity Algorithm = HMAC-MD5-128; Confidentiality Algorithm = AES-CBC-128

11 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-MD5; Integrity Algorithm = MD5-128; Confidentiality Algorithm = None

12 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-MD5; Integrity Algorithm = MD5-128; Confidentiality Algorithm = AES-CBC-128

15 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-SHA256; Integrity Algorithm = None; Confidentiality Algorithm = None

16 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-SHA256; Integrity Algorithm = HMAC_SHA256_128; Confidentiality Algorithm = None

17 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-SHA256; Integrity Algorithm = HMAC_SHA256_128; Confidentiality Algorithm = AES-CBC-128

-l PRIVILEGE-LEVEL, --privilege-level=PRIVILEGE-LEVEL

Specify the privilege level to be used. The currently available privilege levels are USER, OPERATOR, and ADMIN. Defaults to ADMIN if not specified.

--config-file=FILE

Specify an alternate configuration file.

-W WORKAROUNDS, --workaround-flags=WORKAROUNDS

Specify workarounds to vendor compliance issues. Multiple workarounds can be specified separated by commas. A special command line flag of "none", will indicate no workarounds (may be useful for overriding configured defaults). See WORKAROUNDS below for a list of available workarounds.

--debug

Turn on debugging.

-?, --help

Output a help list and exit.

--usage

Output a usage message and exit.

-V, --version

Output the program version and exit.

## BMC-DEVICE OPTIONS
The following options are specific to bmc-device.

--cold-reset

Perform a cold reset.

--warm-reset

Perform a warm reset.

--get-self-test-results

Output BMC self test results.

--get-acpi-power-state

Get ACPI system and device power state.

--set-acpi-power-state

Set ACPI power state. Must be specified to use the --set-acpi-system-power-state, and --set-acpi-device-power-state options listed below.

--set-acpi-system-power-state=SYSTEM_POWER_STATE

Set ACPI system power state. Allowed values: S0_G0, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5_G2, S4_S5, G3, SLEEPING, G1_SLEEPING, OVERRIDE, LEGACY_ON, LEGACY_OFF, UNKNOWN. Used with the --set-acpi-power-state option.

--set-acpi-device-power-state=DEVICE_POWER_STATE

Set ACPI device power state. Allowed values: D0, D1, D2, D3, UNKNOWN. Used with the --set-acpi-power-state option.

--get-lan-statistics

Get IP, UDP, and RMCP statistics.

--clear-lan-statistics

Clear IP, UDP, and RMCP statistics.

--rearm-sensor="<record_id> [<assertion_bitmask> <deassertion_bitmask>]"

Re-arm a sensor. Re-arming a sensor informs the internal device to reset and re-evaluate a sensor reading and events. Most sensors are automatically re-armed, however a rare few do require manual re-arming. This option may also be useful to reset a sensor reading or event that may be stuck due to an internal hardware or firmware error. If the assertion_bitmask and deassertion_bitmask are specified, only the specific events will be re-armed. If not specified, all possible events will be re-armed. This command requires the loading of the SDR.

--get-sdr-repository-time

Get SDR repository time.

--set-sdr-repository-time=TIME

Set SDR repository time. Input format = "MM/DD/YYYY - HH:MM:SS". Note that hours are input in 24 hour form. Alternatively, the local system time can be specified with "now".

--get-sel-time

Get SEL time.

--set-sel-time=TIME

Set SEL time. Input format = "MM/DD/YYYY - HH:MM:SS". Note that hours are input in 24 hour form. Alternatively, the local system time can be specified with "now".

--get-sel-time-utc-offset

Get SEL time UTC offset.

--set-sel-time-utc-offset=MINUTES

Set SEL time UTC offset. Input is in minutes difference from UTC time, ranging from -1440 to 1440 minutes. A special case value of "none" can be specified so no UTC offset is specified.

--platform-event="[generator_id] <event_message_format_version> <sensor_type> <sensor_number> <event_type> <event_direction> <event_data1> <event_data2> <event_data3>"

Instruct the BMC to process the specified event data. Typically, this data will be logged to the System Event Log (SEL), but depending on implementation it may be processed by other subsystems such as Platform Event Filtering (PEF). The keywords assertion or deassertion may be used for event_direction, or the numerical values may be used instead. The event_message_format_version is 0x03 for IPMI 1.0 and 0x04 for IPMI 1.5. The generator_id above is optional, however it is required if generating the event via a system interface (i.e. inband). If generating the event via a system interface, the system management software generator id range is 0x41 to 6Fh.

--set-sensor-reading-and-event-status="<sensor_number> <sensor_reading> <sensor_reading_operation> <assertion_bitmask> <assertion_bitmask_operation> <deassertion_bitmask> <deassertion_bitmask_operation> <event_data1> <event_data2> <event_data3> <event_data_operation>"

Instruct the BMC to set a sensor reading and/or event status. How the various fields are written depends on a set of operation instructions specified. The sensor_reading can be written or not changed with the respective operation write and nochange. For the assertion_bitmask and deassertion_bitmask, the 0 bits of the bitmask can clear the bits of the status, the 1 bits of the bitmask can set the bits of the status, the entire bitmask can be written as the status, or the status cannot be changed respectively with the respective operations clear0bits, set1bits, write, and nochange. The event_data1 byte can be written fully, written without the event offset (bits 3:0), or not be changed via the write, nooffsetwrite, or nochange operations.

--get-mca-auxiliary-log-status

Get machine check architecture (MCA) auxiliary log status information.

--get-ssif-interface-capabilities

Get SSIF interface capabilities.

--get-kcs-interface-capabilities

Get KCS interface capabilities.

--get-bt-interface-capabilities

Get BT interface capabilities.

--get-bmc-global-enables

Get BMC Global Enables.

--set-system-firmware-version=STRING

Set System Firmware Version.

--set-system-name=STRING

Set System Name.

--set-primary-operating-system-name=STRING

Set Primary Operating System Name.

--set-operating-system-name=STRING

Set Operating System Name.

--set-present-os-version-number=STRING

Set Present OS Version Number.

--set-bmc-url=STRING

Set BMC URL.

--set-base-os-hypervisor-url=STRING

Set Base OS/Hypervisor URL.

--read-fru=FILENAME

Read the contents of a FRU device ID and store it in the specified file. Requires setting of a device ID via --device-id.

--write-fru=FILENAME

Write the contents of the specified file into a FRU device id. Requires setting of a device ID via --device-id. If --verbose is specified, progress percent will also be output.

--device-id=IDNUM

Specify a specific FRU device ID. For use with --read-fru and --write-fru.

--verbose

Increase verbosity in output.

## SDR CACHE OPTIONS
This tool requires access to the sensor data repository (SDR) cache for general operation. By default, SDR data will be downloaded and cached on the local machine. The following options apply to the SDR cache.

--flush-cache

Flush a cached version of the sensor data repository (SDR) cache. The SDR is typically cached for faster subsequent access. However, it may need to be flushed and re-generated if the SDR has been updated on a system.

--quiet-cache

Do not output information about cache creation/deletion. May be useful in scripting.

--sdr-cache-recreate

If the SDR cache is out of date or invalid, automatically recreate the sensor data repository (SDR) cache. This option may be useful for scripting purposes.

--sdr-cache-file=FILE

Specify a specific sensor data repository (SDR) cache file to be stored or read from. If this option is used when multiple hosts are specified, the same SDR cache file will be used for all hosts.

--sdr-cache-directory=DIRECTORY

Specify an alternate directory for sensor data repository (SDR) caches to be stored or read from. Defaults to the home directory if not specified.

## TIME OPTIONS
By IPMI definition, all IPMI times and timestamps are stored in localtime. However, in many situations, the timestamps will not be stored in localtime. Whether or not a system truly stored the timestamps in localtime varies on many factors, such as the vendor, BIOS, and operating system. The following options will allow the user to adjust the interpretation of the stored timestamps and how they should be output.

--utc-to-localtime

Assume all times are reported in UTC time and convert the time to localtime before being output.

--localtime-to-utc

Convert all localtime timestamps to UTC before being output.

--utc-offset=SECONDS

Specify a specific UTC offset in seconds to be added to timestamps. Value can range from -86400 to 86400 seconds. Defaults to 0.

## HOSTRANGED OPTIONS
The following options manipulate hostranged output. See HOSTRANGED SUPPORT below for additional information on hostranges.

-B, --buffer-output

Buffer hostranged output. For each node, buffer standard output until the node has completed its IPMI operation. When specifying this option, data may appear to output slower to the user since the the entire IPMI operation must complete before any data can be output. See HOSTRANGED SUPPORT below for additional information.

-C, --consolidate-output

Consolidate hostranged output. The complete standard output from every node specified will be consolidated so that nodes with identical output are not output twice. A header will list those nodes with the consolidated output. When this option is specified, no output can be seen until the IPMI operations to all nodes has completed. If the user breaks out of the program early, all currently consolidated output will be dumped. See HOSTRANGED SUPPORT below for additional information.

-F NUM, --fanout=NUM

Specify multiple host fanout. A "sliding window" (or fanout) algorithm is used for parallel IPMI communication so that slower nodes or timed out nodes will not impede parallel communication. The maximum number of threads available at the same time is limited by the fanout. The default is 64.

-E, --eliminate

Eliminate hosts determined as undetected by ipmidetect. This attempts to remove the common issue of hostranged execution timing out due to several nodes being removed from service in a large cluster. The ipmidetectd daemon must be running on the node executing the command.

--always-prefix

Always prefix output, even if only one host is specified or communicating in-band. This option is primarily useful for scripting purposes. Option will be ignored if specified with the -C option.

## HOSTRANGED SUPPORT
Multiple hosts can be input either as an explicit comma separated lists of hosts or a range of hostnames in the general form: prefix[n-m,l-k,...], where n < m and l < k, etc. The later form should not be confused with regular expression character classes (also denoted by []). For example, foo[19] does not represent foo1 or foo9, but rather represents a degenerate range: foo19.

This range syntax is meant only as a convenience on clusters with a prefixNN naming convention and specification of ranges should not be considered necessary -- the list foo1,foo9 could be specified as such, or by the range foo[1,9].

Some examples of range usage follow:

```
    foo[01-05] instead of foo01,foo02,foo03,foo04,foo05

    foo[7,9-10] instead of foo7,foo9,foo10

    foo[0-3] instead of foo0,foo1,foo2,foo3
```

As a reminder to the reader, some shells will interpret brackets ([ and ]) for pattern matching. Depending on your shell, it may be necessary to enclose ranged lists within quotes.

When multiple hosts are specified by the user, a thread will be executed for each host in parallel up to the configured fanout (which can be adjusted via the -F option). This will allow communication to large numbers of nodes far more quickly than if done in serial.

By default, standard output from each node specified will be output with the hostname prepended to each line. Although this output is readable in many situations, it may be difficult to read in other situations. For example, output from multiple nodes may be mixed together. The -B and -C options can be used to change this default.

In-band IPMI Communication will be used when the host "localhost" is specified. This allows the user to add the localhost into the hostranged output.

## GENERAL TROUBLESHOOTING
Most often, IPMI problems are due to configuration problems.

IPMI over LAN problems involve a misconfiguration of the remote machine's BMC. Double check to make sure the following are configured properly in the remote machine's BMC: IP address, MAC address, subnet mask, username, user enablement, user privilege, password, LAN privilege, LAN enablement, and allowed authentication type(s). For IPMI 2.0 connections, double check to make sure the cipher suite privilege(s) and K_g key are configured properly. The ipmi-config(8) tool can be used to check and/or change these configuration settings.

Inband IPMI problems are typically caused by improperly configured drivers or non-standard BMCs.

In addition to the troubleshooting tips below, please see WORKAROUNDS below to also if there are any vendor specific bugs that have been discovered and worked around.

Listed below are many of the common issues for error messages. For additional support, please e-mail the <freeipmi-users@gnu.org> mailing list.

"username invalid" - The username entered (or a NULL username if none was entered) is not available on the remote machine. It may also be possible the remote BMC's username configuration is incorrect.

"password invalid" - The password entered (or a NULL password if none was entered) is not correct. It may also be possible the password for the user is not correctly configured on the remote BMC.

"password verification timeout" - Password verification has timed out. A "password invalid" error (described above) or a generic "session timeout" (described below) occurred. During this point in the protocol it cannot be differentiated which occurred.

"k_g invalid" - The K_g key entered (or a NULL K_g key if none was entered) is not correct. It may also be possible the K_g key is not correctly configured on the remote BMC.

"privilege level insufficient" - An IPMI command requires a higher user privilege than the one authenticated with. Please try to authenticate with a higher privilege. This may require authenticating to a different user which has a higher maximum privilege.

"privilege level cannot be obtained for this user" - The privilege level you are attempting to authenticate with is higher than the maximum allowed for this user. Please try again with a lower privilege. It may also be possible the maximum privilege level allowed for a user is not configured properly on the remote BMC.

"authentication type unavailable for attempted privilege level" - The authentication type you wish to authenticate with is not available for this privilege level. Please try again with an alternate authentication type or alternate privilege level. It may also be possible the available authentication types you can authenticate with are not correctly configured on the remote BMC.

"cipher suite id unavailable" - The cipher suite id you wish to authenticate with is not available on the remote BMC. Please try again with an alternate cipher suite id. It may also be possible the available cipher suite ids are not correctly configured on the remote BMC.

"ipmi 2.0 unavailable" - IPMI 2.0 was not discovered on the remote machine. Please try to use IPMI 1.5 instead.

"connection timeout" - Initial IPMI communication failed. A number of potential errors are possible, including an invalid hostname specified, an IPMI IP address cannot be resolved, IPMI is not enabled on the remote server, the network connection is bad, etc. Please verify configuration and connectivity.

"session timeout" - The IPMI session has timed out. Please reconnect. If this error occurs often, you may wish to increase the retransmission timeout. Some remote BMCs are considerably slower than others.

"device not found" - The specified device could not be found. Please check configuration or inputs and try again.

"driver timeout" - Communication with the driver or device has timed out. Please try again.

"message timeout" - Communication with the driver or device has timed out. Please try again.

"BMC busy" - The BMC is currently busy. It may be processing information or have too many simultaneous sessions to manage. Please wait and try again.

"could not find inband device" - An inband device could not be found. Please check configuration or specify specific device or driver on the command line.

"driver timeout" - The inband driver has timed out communicating to the local BMC or service processor. The BMC or service processor may be busy or (worst case) possibly non-functioning.

## WORKAROUNDS
With so many different vendors implementing their own IPMI solutions, different vendors may implement their IPMI protocols incorrectly. The following describes a number of workarounds currently available to handle discovered compliance issues. When possible, workarounds have been implemented so they will be transparent to the user. However, some will require the user to specify a workaround be used via the -W option.

The hardware listed below may only indicate the hardware that a problem was discovered on. Newer versions of hardware may fix the problems indicated below. Similar machines from vendors may or may not exhibit the same problems. Different vendors may license their firmware from the same IPMI firmware developer, so it may be worthwhile to try workarounds listed below even if your motherboard is not listed.

If you believe your hardware has an additional compliance issue that needs a workaround to be implemented, please contact the FreeIPMI maintainers on <freeipmi-users@gnu.org> or <freeipmi-devel@gnu.org>.

assumeio - This workaround flag will assume inband interfaces communicate with system I/O rather than being memory-mapped. This will work around systems that report invalid base addresses. Those hitting this issue may see "device not supported" or "could not find inband device" errors. Issue observed on HP ProLiant DL145 G1.

spinpoll - This workaround flag will inform some inband drivers (most notably the KCS driver) to spin while polling rather than putting the process to sleep. This may significantly improve the wall clock running time of tools because an operating system scheduler's granularity may be much larger than the time it takes to perform a single IPMI message transaction. However, by spinning, your system may be performing less useful work by not contexting out the tool for a more useful task.

authcap - This workaround flag will skip early checks for username capabilities, authentication capabilities, and K_g support and allow IPMI authentication to succeed. It works around multiple issues in which the remote system does not properly report username capabilities, authentication capabilities, or K_g status. Those hitting this issue may see "username invalid", "authentication type unavailable for attempted privilege level", or "k_g invalid" errors. Issue observed on Asus P5M2/P5MT-R/RS162-E4/RX4, Intel SR1520ML/X38ML, and Sun Fire 2200/4150/4450 with ELOM.

nochecksumcheck - This workaround flag will tell FreeIPMI to not check the checksums returned from IPMI command responses. It works around systems that return invalid checksums due to implementation errors, but the packet is otherwise valid. Users are cautioned on the use of this option, as it removes validation of packet integrity in a number of circumstances. However, it is unlikely to be an issue in most situations. Those hitting this issue may see "connection timeout", "session timeout", or "password verification timeout" errors. On IPMI 1.5 connections, the "noauthcodecheck" workaround may also needed too. Issue observed on Supermicro X9SCM-iiF, Supermicro X9DRi-F, and Supermicro X9DRFR.

idzero - This workaround flag will allow empty session IDs to be accepted by the client. It works around IPMI sessions that report empty session IDs to the client. Those hitting this issue may see "session timeout" errors. Issue observed on Tyan S2882 with M3289 BMC.

unexpectedauth - This workaround flag will allow unexpected non-null authcodes to be checked as though they were expected. It works around an issue when packets contain non-null authentication data when they should be null due to disabled per-message authentication. Those hitting this issue may see "session timeout" errors. Issue observed on Dell PowerEdge 2850,SC1425. Confirmed fixed on newer firmware.

forcepermsg - This workaround flag will force per-message authentication to be used no matter what is advertised by the remote system. It works around an issue when per-message authentication is advertised as disabled on the remote system, but it is actually required for the protocol. Those hitting this issue may see "session timeout" errors. Issue observed on IBM eServer 325.

endianseq - This workaround flag will flip the endian of the session sequence numbers to allow the session to continue properly. It works around IPMI 1.5 session sequence numbers that are the wrong endian. Those hitting this issue may see "session timeout" errors. Issue observed on some Sun ILOM 1.0/2.0 (depends on service processor endian).

noauthcodecheck - This workaround flag will tell FreeIPMI to not check the authentication codes returned from IPMI 1.5 command responses. It works around systems that return invalid authentication codes due to hashing or implementation errors. Users are cautioned on the use of this option, as it removes an authentication check verifying the validity of a packet. However, in most organizations, this is unlikely to be a security issue. Those hitting this issue may see "connection timeout", "session timeout", or "password verification timeout" errors. Issue observed on Xyratex FB-H8-SRAY, Intel Windmill, Quanta Winterfell, and Wiwynn Windmill.

intel20 - This workaround flag will work around several Intel IPMI 2.0 authentication issues. The issues covered include padding of usernames, and password truncation if the authentication algorithm is HMAC-MD5-128. Those hitting this issue may see "username invalid", "password invalid", or "k_g invalid" errors. Issue observed on Intel SE7520AF2 with Intel Server Management Module (Professional Edition).

supermicro20 - This workaround flag will work around several Supermicro IPMI 2.0 authentication issues on motherboards w/ Peppercon IPMI firmware. The issues covered include handling invalid length authentication codes. Those hitting this issue may see "password invalid" errors. Issue observed on Supermicro H8QME with SIMSO daughter card. Confirmed fixed on newerver firmware.

sun20 - This workaround flag will work work around several Sun IPMI 2.0 authentication issues. The issues covered include invalid lengthed hash keys, improperly hashed keys, and invalid cipher suite records. Those hitting this issue may see "password invalid" or "bmc error" errors. Issue observed on Sun Fire 4100/4200/4500 with ILOM. This workaround automatically includes the "opensesspriv" workaround.

opensesspriv - This workaround flag will slightly alter FreeIPMI's IPMI 2.0 connection protocol to workaround an invalid hashing algorithm used by the remote system. The privilege level sent during the Open Session stage of an IPMI 2.0 connection is used for hashing keys instead of the privilege level sent during the RAKP1 connection stage. Those hitting this issue may see "password invalid", "k_g invalid", "bad rmcpplus status code", or "privilege level cannot be obtained for this user" errors. Issue observed on Sun Fire 4100/4200/4500 with ILOM, Inventec 5441/Dell Xanadu II, Supermicro X8DTH, Supermicro X8DTG, Intel S5500WBV/Penguin Relion 700, Intel S2600JF/Appro 512X, Quanta QSSC-S4R/Appro GB812X-CN, Dell C5220, and the OpenIPMI software BMC. This workaround is automatically triggered with the "sun20" workaround.

integritycheckvalue - This workaround flag will work around an invalid integrity check value during an IPMI 2.0 session establishment when using Cipher Suite ID 0. The integrity check value should be 0 length, however the remote motherboard responds with a non-empty field. Those hitting this issue may see "k_g invalid" errors. Issue observed on Supermicro X8DTG, Supermicro X8DTU, and Intel S5500WBV/Penguin Relion 700, and Intel S2600JF/Appro 512X.

assumemaxsdrrecordcount - This workaround will inform SDR reading to stop reading after a known maximum number of SDR records have been read. This will work around systems that have miss-implemented SDR reading functions. Those hitting this issue may see "SDR record count invalid" errors. Issue observed on unspecified Inspur motherboard.

No IPMI 1.5 Support - Some motherboards that support IPMI 2.0 have been found to not support IPMI 1.5. Those hitting this issue may see "ipmi 2.0 unavailable" or "connection timeout" errors. This issue can be worked around by using IPMI 2.0 instead of IPMI 1.5 by specifying --driver-type=LAN_2_0. Issue observed on a number of HP and Supermicro motherboards.

## EXAMPLES
\# bmc-device --cold-reset

Perform a cold reset.

\# bmc-device -h ahost -u myusername -p mypassword --cold-reset

Perform a cold reset of a remote machine using IPMI over LAN.

\# bmc-device -h mycluster[0-127] -u myusername -p mypassword --cold-reset

Perform a cold reset across a cluster using IPMI over LAN.

## DIAGNOSTICS
Upon successful execution, exit status is 0. On error, exit status is 1.

If multiple hosts are specified for communication, the exit status is 0 if and only if all targets successfully execute. Otherwise the exit status is 1.

## KNOWN ISSUES
On older operating systems, if you input your username, password, and other potentially security relevant information on the command line, this information may be discovered by other users when using tools like the ps(1) command or looking in the /proc file system. It is generally more secure to input password information with options like the -P or -K options. Configuring security relevant information in the FreeIPMI configuration file would also be an appropriate way to hide this information.

In order to prevent brute force attacks, some BMCs will temporarily "lock up" after a number of remote authentication errors. You may need to wait awhile in order to this temporary "lock up" to pass before you may authenticate again.

## REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to <freeipmi-users@gnu.org> or <freeipmi-devel@gnu.org>.

## COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2008-2015 FreeIPMI Core Team.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

## SEE ALSO
freeipmi.conf(5), freeipmi(7)

http://www.gnu.org/software/freeipmi/


bmc-info

title: bmc-info(8)

summary: display BMC information

text:
# bmc-info(8)

## NAME
bmc-info - display BMC information

## SYNOPSIS
bmc-info [OPTION...]

## DESCRIPTION
Bmc-info displays BMC information, such as device version numbers, device support, and globally unique IDs (guids).

Listed below are general IPMI options, tool specific options, trouble shooting information, workaround information, examples, and known issues. For a general introduction to FreeIPMI please see freeipmi(7).

## GENERAL OPTIONS
The following options are general options for configuring IPMI communication and executing general tool commands.

-D IPMIDRIVER, --driver-type=IPMIDRIVER

Specify the driver type to use instead of doing an auto selection. The currently available outofband drivers are LAN and LAN_2_0, which perform IPMI 1.5 and IPMI 2.0 respectively. The currently available inband drivers are KCS, SSIF, OPENIPMI, SUNBMC, and INTELDCMI.

--disable-auto-probe

Do not probe in-band IPMI devices for default settings.

--driver-address=DRIVER-ADDRESS

Specify the in-band driver address to be used instead of the probed value. DRIVER-ADDRESS should be prefixed with "0x" for a hex value and '0' for an octal value.

--driver-device=DEVICE

Specify the in-band driver device path to be used instead of the probed path.

--register-spacing=REGISTER-SPACING

Specify the in-band driver register spacing instead of the probed value. Argument is in bytes (i.e. 32bit register spacing = 4)

--target-channel-number=CHANNEL-NUMBER

Specify the in-band driver target channel number to send IPMI requests to.

--target-slave-address=SLAVE-ADDRESS

Specify the in-band driver target slave number to send IPMI requests to.

-h IPMIHOST1,IPMIHOST2,..., --hostname=IPMIHOST1[:PORT],IPMIHOST2[:PORT],...

Specify the remote host(s) to communicate with. Multiple hostnames may be separated by comma or may be specified in a range format; see HOSTRANGED SUPPORT below. An optional port can be specified with each host, which may be useful in port forwarding or similar situations. If specifying an IPv6 address and port, use the format [ADDRESS]:PORT.

-u USERNAME, --username=USERNAME

Specify the username to use when authenticating with the remote host. If not specified, a null (i.e. anonymous) username is assumed. The user must have atleast USER privileges in order for this tool to operate fully.

-p PASSWORD, --password=PASSWORD

Specify the password to use when authenticationg with the remote host. If not specified, a null password is assumed. Maximum password length is 16 for IPMI 1.5 and 20 for IPMI 2.0.

-P, --password-prompt

Prompt for password to avoid possibility of listing it in process lists.

-k K_G, --k-g=K_G

Specify the K_g BMC key to use when authenticating with the remote host for IPMI 2.0. If not specified, a null key is assumed. To input the key in hexadecimal form, prefix the string with '0x'. E.g., the key 'abc' can be entered with the either the string 'abc' or the string '0x616263'

-K, --k-g-prompt

Prompt for k-g to avoid possibility of listing it in process lists.

--session-timeout=MILLISECONDS

Specify the session timeout in milliseconds. Defaults to 20000 milliseconds (20 seconds) if not specified.

--retransmission-timeout=MILLISECONDS

Specify the packet retransmission timeout in milliseconds. Defaults to 1000 milliseconds (1 second) if not specified. The retransmission timeout cannot be larger than the session timeout.

-a AUTHENTICATION-TYPE, --authentication-type=AUTHENTICATION-TYPE

Specify the IPMI 1.5 authentication type to use. The currently available authentication types are NONE, STRAIGHT_PASSWORD_KEY, MD2, and MD5. Defaults to MD5 if not specified.

-I CIPHER-SUITE-ID, --cipher-suite-id=CIPHER-SUITE-ID

Specify the IPMI 2.0 cipher suite ID to use. The Cipher Suite ID identifies a set of authentication, integrity, and confidentiality algorithms to use for IPMI 2.0 communication. The authentication algorithm identifies the algorithm to use for session setup, the integrity algorithm identifies the algorithm to use for session packet signatures, and the confidentiality algorithm identifies the algorithm to use for payload encryption. Defaults to cipher suite ID 3 if not specified. The following cipher suite ids are currently supported: 0 - Authentication Algorithm = None; Integrity Algorithm = None; Confidentiality Algorithm = None

1 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-SHA1; Integrity Algorithm = None; Confidentiality Algorithm = None

2 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-SHA1; Integrity Algorithm = HMAC-SHA1-96; Confidentiality Algorithm = None

3 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-SHA1; Integrity Algorithm = HMAC-SHA1-96; Confidentiality Algorithm = AES-CBC-128

6 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-MD5; Integrity Algorithm = None; Confidentiality Algorithm = None

7 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-MD5; Integrity Algorithm = HMAC-MD5-128; Confidentiality Algorithm = None

8 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-MD5; Integrity Algorithm = HMAC-MD5-128; Confidentiality Algorithm = AES-CBC-128

11 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-MD5; Integrity Algorithm = MD5-128; Confidentiality Algorithm = None

12 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-MD5; Integrity Algorithm = MD5-128; Confidentiality Algorithm = AES-CBC-128

15 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-SHA256; Integrity Algorithm = None; Confidentiality Algorithm = None

16 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-SHA256; Integrity Algorithm = HMAC_SHA256_128; Confidentiality Algorithm = None

17 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-SHA256; Integrity Algorithm = HMAC_SHA256_128; Confidentiality Algorithm = AES-CBC-128

-l PRIVILEGE-LEVEL, --privilege-level=PRIVILEGE-LEVEL

Specify the privilege level to be used. The currently available privilege levels are USER, OPERATOR, and ADMIN. Defaults to USER if not specified.

--config-file=FILE

Specify an alternate configuration file.

-W WORKAROUNDS, --workaround-flags=WORKAROUNDS

Specify workarounds to vendor compliance issues. Multiple workarounds can be specified separated by commas. A special command line flag of "none", will indicate no workarounds (may be useful for overriding configured defaults). See WORKAROUNDS below for a list of available workarounds.

--debug

Turn on debugging.

-?, --help

Output a help list and exit.

--usage

Output a usage message and exit.

-V, --version

Output the program version and exit.

## BMC-INFO OPTIONS
The following options are specific to bmc-info.

--get-device-id

Display only device ID information.

--get-device-guid

Display only device guid.

--get-system-guid

Display only system guid.

--get-system-info

Display only system info.

--get-channel-info

Display only channel information.

--interpret-oem-data

Attempt to interpret OEM data, such as event data, sensor readings, or general extra info, etc. If an OEM interpretation is not available, the default output will be generated. Correctness of OEM interpretations cannot be guaranteed due to potential changes OEM vendors may make in products, firmware, etc. See OEM INTERPRETATION below for confirmed supported motherboard interpretations.

## HOSTRANGED OPTIONS
The following options manipulate hostranged output. See HOSTRANGED SUPPORT below for additional information on hostranges.

-B, --buffer-output

Buffer hostranged output. For each node, buffer standard output until the node has completed its IPMI operation. When specifying this option, data may appear to output slower to the user since the the entire IPMI operation must complete before any data can be output. See HOSTRANGED SUPPORT below for additional information.

-C, --consolidate-output

Consolidate hostranged output. The complete standard output from every node specified will be consolidated so that nodes with identical output are not output twice. A header will list those nodes with the consolidated output. When this option is specified, no output can be seen until the IPMI operations to all nodes has completed. If the user breaks out of the program early, all currently consolidated output will be dumped. See HOSTRANGED SUPPORT below for additional information.

-F NUM, --fanout=NUM

Specify multiple host fanout. A "sliding window" (or fanout) algorithm is used for parallel IPMI communication so that slower nodes or timed out nodes will not impede parallel communication. The maximum number of threads available at the same time is limited by the fanout. The default is 64.

-E, --eliminate

Eliminate hosts determined as undetected by ipmidetect. This attempts to remove the common issue of hostranged execution timing out due to several nodes being removed from service in a large cluster. The ipmidetectd daemon must be running on the node executing the command.

--always-prefix

Always prefix output, even if only one host is specified or communicating in-band. This option is primarily useful for scripting purposes. Option will be ignored if specified with the -C option.

## HOSTRANGED SUPPORT
Multiple hosts can be input either as an explicit comma separated lists of hosts or a range of hostnames in the general form: prefix[n-m,l-k,...], where n < m and l < k, etc. The later form should not be confused with regular expression character classes (also denoted by []). For example, foo[19] does not represent foo1 or foo9, but rather represents a degenerate range: foo19.

This range syntax is meant only as a convenience on clusters with a prefixNN naming convention and specification of ranges should not be considered necessary -- the list foo1,foo9 could be specified as such, or by the range foo[1,9].

Some examples of range usage follow:

```
    foo[01-05] instead of foo01,foo02,foo03,foo04,foo05

    foo[7,9-10] instead of foo7,foo9,foo10

    foo[0-3] instead of foo0,foo1,foo2,foo3
```

As a reminder to the reader, some shells will interpret brackets ([ and ]) for pattern matching. Depending on your shell, it may be necessary to enclose ranged lists within quotes.

When multiple hosts are specified by the user, a thread will be executed for each host in parallel up to the configured fanout (which can be adjusted via the -F option). This will allow communication to large numbers of nodes far more quickly than if done in serial.

By default, standard output from each node specified will be output with the hostname prepended to each line. Although this output is readable in many situations, it may be difficult to read in other situations. For example, output from multiple nodes may be mixed together. The -B and -C options can be used to change this default.

In-band IPMI Communication will be used when the host "localhost" is specified. This allows the user to add the localhost into the hostranged output.

## GENERAL TROUBLESHOOTING
Most often, IPMI problems are due to configuration problems.

IPMI over LAN problems involve a misconfiguration of the remote machine's BMC. Double check to make sure the following are configured properly in the remote machine's BMC: IP address, MAC address, subnet mask, username, user enablement, user privilege, password, LAN privilege, LAN enablement, and allowed authentication type(s). For IPMI 2.0 connections, double check to make sure the cipher suite privilege(s) and K_g key are configured properly. The ipmi-config(8) tool can be used to check and/or change these configuration settings.

Inband IPMI problems are typically caused by improperly configured drivers or non-standard BMCs.

In addition to the troubleshooting tips below, please see WORKAROUNDS below to also if there are any vendor specific bugs that have been discovered and worked around.

Listed below are many of the common issues for error messages. For additional support, please e-mail the <freeipmi-users@gnu.org> mailing list.

"username invalid" - The username entered (or a NULL username if none was entered) is not available on the remote machine. It may also be possible the remote BMC's username configuration is incorrect.

"password invalid" - The password entered (or a NULL password if none was entered) is not correct. It may also be possible the password for the user is not correctly configured on the remote BMC.

"password verification timeout" - Password verification has timed out. A "password invalid" error (described above) or a generic "session timeout" (described below) occurred. During this point in the protocol it cannot be differentiated which occurred.

"k_g invalid" - The K_g key entered (or a NULL K_g key if none was entered) is not correct. It may also be possible the K_g key is not correctly configured on the remote BMC.

"privilege level insufficient" - An IPMI command requires a higher user privilege than the one authenticated with. Please try to authenticate with a higher privilege. This may require authenticating to a different user which has a higher maximum privilege.

"privilege level cannot be obtained for this user" - The privilege level you are attempting to authenticate with is higher than the maximum allowed for this user. Please try again with a lower privilege. It may also be possible the maximum privilege level allowed for a user is not configured properly on the remote BMC.

"authentication type unavailable for attempted privilege level" - The authentication type you wish to authenticate with is not available for this privilege level. Please try again with an alternate authentication type or alternate privilege level. It may also be possible the available authentication types you can authenticate with are not correctly configured on the remote BMC.

"cipher suite id unavailable" - The cipher suite id you wish to authenticate with is not available on the remote BMC. Please try again with an alternate cipher suite id. It may also be possible the available cipher suite ids are not correctly configured on the remote BMC.

"ipmi 2.0 unavailable" - IPMI 2.0 was not discovered on the remote machine. Please try to use IPMI 1.5 instead.

"connection timeout" - Initial IPMI communication failed. A number of potential errors are possible, including an invalid hostname specified, an IPMI IP address cannot be resolved, IPMI is not enabled on the remote server, the network connection is bad, etc. Please verify configuration and connectivity.

"session timeout" - The IPMI session has timed out. Please reconnect. If this error occurs often, you may wish to increase the retransmission timeout. Some remote BMCs are considerably slower than others.

"device not found" - The specified device could not be found. Please check configuration or inputs and try again.

"driver timeout" - Communication with the driver or device has timed out. Please try again.

"message timeout" - Communication with the driver or device has timed out. Please try again.

"BMC busy" - The BMC is currently busy. It may be processing information or have too many simultaneous sessions to manage. Please wait and try again.

"could not find inband device" - An inband device could not be found. Please check configuration or specify specific device or driver on the command line.

"driver timeout" - The inband driver has timed out communicating to the local BMC or service processor. The BMC or service processor may be busy or (worst case) possibly non-functioning.

## WORKAROUNDS
With so many different vendors implementing their own IPMI solutions, different vendors may implement their IPMI protocols incorrectly. The following describes a number of workarounds currently available to handle discovered compliance issues. When possible, workarounds have been implemented so they will be transparent to the user. However, some will require the user to specify a workaround be used via the -W option.

The hardware listed below may only indicate the hardware that a problem was discovered on. Newer versions of hardware may fix the problems indicated below. Similar machines from vendors may or may not exhibit the same problems. Different vendors may license their firmware from the same IPMI firmware developer, so it may be worthwhile to try workarounds listed below even if your motherboard is not listed.

If you believe your hardware has an additional compliance issue that needs a workaround to be implemented, please contact the FreeIPMI maintainers on <freeipmi-users@gnu.org> or <freeipmi-devel@gnu.org>.

assumeio - This workaround flag will assume inband interfaces communicate with system I/O rather than being memory-mapped. This will work around systems that report invalid base addresses. Those hitting this issue may see "device not supported" or "could not find inband device" errors. Issue observed on HP ProLiant DL145 G1.

spinpoll - This workaround flag will inform some inband drivers (most notably the KCS driver) to spin while polling rather than putting the process to sleep. This may significantly improve the wall clock running time of tools because an operating system scheduler's granularity may be much larger than the time it takes to perform a single IPMI message transaction. However, by spinning, your system may be performing less useful work by not contexting out the tool for a more useful task.

authcap - This workaround flag will skip early checks for username capabilities, authentication capabilities, and K_g support and allow IPMI authentication to succeed. It works around multiple issues in which the remote system does not properly report username capabilities, authentication capabilities, or K_g status. Those hitting this issue may see "username invalid", "authentication type unavailable for attempted privilege level", or "k_g invalid" errors. Issue observed on Asus P5M2/P5MT-R/RS162-E4/RX4, Intel SR1520ML/X38ML, and Sun Fire 2200/4150/4450 with ELOM.

nochecksumcheck - This workaround flag will tell FreeIPMI to not check the checksums returned from IPMI command responses. It works around systems that return invalid checksums due to implementation errors, but the packet is otherwise valid. Users are cautioned on the use of this option, as it removes validation of packet integrity in a number of circumstances. However, it is unlikely to be an issue in most situations. Those hitting this issue may see "connection timeout", "session timeout", or "password verification timeout" errors. On IPMI 1.5 connections, the "noauthcodecheck" workaround may also needed too. Issue observed on Supermicro X9SCM-iiF, Supermicro X9DRi-F, and Supermicro X9DRFR.

idzero - This workaround flag will allow empty session IDs to be accepted by the client. It works around IPMI sessions that report empty session IDs to the client. Those hitting this issue may see "session timeout" errors. Issue observed on Tyan S2882 with M3289 BMC.

unexpectedauth - This workaround flag will allow unexpected non-null authcodes to be checked as though they were expected. It works around an issue when packets contain non-null authentication data when they should be null due to disabled per-message authentication. Those hitting this issue may see "session timeout" errors. Issue observed on Dell PowerEdge 2850,SC1425. Confirmed fixed on newer firmware.

forcepermsg - This workaround flag will force per-message authentication to be used no matter what is advertised by the remote system. It works around an issue when per-message authentication is advertised as disabled on the remote system, but it is actually required for the protocol. Those hitting this issue may see "session timeout" errors. Issue observed on IBM eServer 325.

endianseq - This workaround flag will flip the endian of the session sequence numbers to allow the session to continue properly. It works around IPMI 1.5 session sequence numbers that are the wrong endian. Those hitting this issue may see "session timeout" errors. Issue observed on some Sun ILOM 1.0/2.0 (depends on service processor endian).

noauthcodecheck - This workaround flag will tell FreeIPMI to not check the authentication codes returned from IPMI 1.5 command responses. It works around systems that return invalid authentication codes due to hashing or implementation errors. Users are cautioned on the use of this option, as it removes an authentication check verifying the validity of a packet. However, in most organizations, this is unlikely to be a security issue. Those hitting this issue may see "connection timeout", "session timeout", or "password verification timeout" errors. Issue observed on Xyratex FB-H8-SRAY, Intel Windmill, Quanta Winterfell, and Wiwynn Windmill.

intel20 - This workaround flag will work around several Intel IPMI 2.0 authentication issues. The issues covered include padding of usernames, and password truncation if the authentication algorithm is HMAC-MD5-128. Those hitting this issue may see "username invalid", "password invalid", or "k_g invalid" errors. Issue observed on Intel SE7520AF2 with Intel Server Management Module (Professional Edition).

supermicro20 - This workaround flag will work around several Supermicro IPMI 2.0 authentication issues on motherboards w/ Peppercon IPMI firmware. The issues covered include handling invalid length authentication codes. Those hitting this issue may see "password invalid" errors. Issue observed on Supermicro H8QME with SIMSO daughter card. Confirmed fixed on newerver firmware.

sun20 - This workaround flag will work work around several Sun IPMI 2.0 authentication issues. The issues covered include invalid lengthed hash keys, improperly hashed keys, and invalid cipher suite records. Those hitting this issue may see "password invalid" or "bmc error" errors. Issue observed on Sun Fire 4100/4200/4500 with ILOM. This workaround automatically includes the "opensesspriv" workaround.

opensesspriv - This workaround flag will slightly alter FreeIPMI's IPMI 2.0 connection protocol to workaround an invalid hashing algorithm used by the remote system. The privilege level sent during the Open Session stage of an IPMI 2.0 connection is used for hashing keys instead of the privilege level sent during the RAKP1 connection stage. Those hitting this issue may see "password invalid", "k_g invalid", "bad rmcpplus status code", or "privilege level cannot be obtained for this user" errors. Issue observed on Sun Fire 4100/4200/4500 with ILOM, Inventec 5441/Dell Xanadu II, Supermicro X8DTH, Supermicro X8DTG, Intel S5500WBV/Penguin Relion 700, Intel S2600JF/Appro 512X, Quanta QSSC-S4R/Appro GB812X-CN, Dell C5220, and the OpenIPMI software BMC. This workaround is automatically triggered with the "sun20" workaround.

integritycheckvalue - This workaround flag will work around an invalid integrity check value during an IPMI 2.0 session establishment when using Cipher Suite ID 0. The integrity check value should be 0 length, however the remote motherboard responds with a non-empty field. Those hitting this issue may see "k_g invalid" errors. Issue observed on Supermicro X8DTG, Supermicro X8DTU, and Intel S5500WBV/Penguin Relion 700, and Intel S2600JF/Appro 512X.

guidformat - A number of vendors send the bytes of the GUID (such as the GUID in --get-device-guid or --get-system-guid) in an alternate format that aligns incorrectly with IPMI, but correctly with other standards. This workaround flag will instruct bmc-info to read the GUID and output the GUID based on this common alternate format.

No IPMI 1.5 Support - Some motherboards that support IPMI 2.0 have been found to not support IPMI 1.5. Those hitting this issue may see "ipmi 2.0 unavailable" or "connection timeout" errors. This issue can be worked around by using IPMI 2.0 instead of IPMI 1.5 by specifying --driver-type=LAN_2_0. Issue observed on a number of HP and Supermicro motherboards.

## OEM INTERPRETATION
The following motherboards are confirmed to have atleast some support by the --interpret-oem-data option. While highly probable the OEM data interpretations would work across other motherboards by the same manufacturer, there are no guarantees. Some of the motherboards below may be rebranded by vendors/distributors.

Dell Poweredge R610, Dell Poweredge R710, Intel SR870BN4/Tiger4

## EXAMPLES
\# bmc-info

Get BMC information of the local machine.

\# bmc-info -h ahost -u myusername -p mypassword

Get BMC information of a remote machine using IPMI over LAN.

\# bmc-info -h mycluster[0-127] -u myusername -p mypassword

Get BMC information across a cluster using IPMI over LAN.

## DIAGNOSTICS
Upon successful execution, exit status is 0. On error, exit status is 1.

If multiple hosts are specified for communication, the exit status is 0 if and only if all targets successfully execute. Otherwise the exit status is 1.

## KNOWN ISSUES
On older operating systems, if you input your username, password, and other potentially security relevant information on the command line, this information may be discovered by other users when using tools like the ps(1) command or looking in the /proc file system. It is generally more secure to input password information with options like the -P or -K options. Configuring security relevant information in the FreeIPMI configuration file would also be an appropriate way to hide this information.

In order to prevent brute force attacks, some BMCs will temporarily "lock up" after a number of remote authentication errors. You may need to wait awhile in order to this temporary "lock up" to pass before you may authenticate again.

## REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to <freeipmi-users@gnu.org> or <freeipmi-devel@gnu.org>.

## COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2003-2015 FreeIPMI Core Team.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

## SEE ALSO
freeipmi.conf(5), freeipmi(7), ipmi-config(8)

http://www.gnu.org/software/freeipmi/