File naming

name

File name with extension.

filename or fname

File name without extension.

extension or ext

File extension only (without the leading dot).

path

Path relative to the search root.

abspath

Absolute path of the file.

directory or dirname or dir

Directory portion of the path, relative to the search root.

absdir

Absolute directory portion of the path.

File naming terminology

Given a search root of /home/user/projects and a file at /home/user/projects/foobar/content/readme.md:

abspath   /home/user/projects/foobar/content/readme.md
absdir    /home/user/projects/foobar/content
path      foobar/content/readme.md
dir       foobar/content
name      readme.md
filename  readme
ext       md

Size

size

Size of the file in bytes.

fsize or hsize

Human-readable size with unit suffix.

Timestamps

accessed

Time the file was last accessed (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS).

created

File creation time (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS).

modified

Time the file was last modified (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS).

Type tests (boolean)

is_dir

True if path is a directory.

is_file

True if path is a regular file.

is_symlink

True if path is a symbolic link.

is_pipe or is_fifo

True if path is a FIFO or named pipe.

is_char or is_character

True if path is a character special file.

is_block

True if path is a block special file.

is_socket

True if path is a socket.

is_hidden

True if file is hidden (starts with a dot on Unix).

is_empty

True if file is empty or directory contains no entries.

is_shebang

True if file begins with a shebang (#!).

is_binary

True if MIME type detection identifies the file as binary.

is_text

True if MIME type detection identifies the file as text.

Permissions

mode

Full permission string, similar to the first column of ls -la.

uid / gid

Numeric user ID / group ID of the owner.

user / group

Name of the owner / owner's group. Available only on Unix when the users feature is enabled.

user_read, user_write, user_exec, user_all / user_rwx

Per-owner permission bits.

group_read, group_write, group_exec, group_all / group_rwx

Per-group permission bits.

other_read, other_write, other_exec, other_all / other_rwx

Permission bits for other users.

suid or is_suid

SUID bit.

sgid or is_sgid

SGID bit.

is_sticky or sticky

Sticky bit.

Unix/Linux-specific

device

Device number the file resides on.

rdev

Device ID for special files (character and block devices).

inode

Inode number.

blocks

Number of 256-byte blocks allocated.

hardlinks

Number of hard links.

atime

Last access time as a Unix timestamp (seconds since epoch).

mtime

Last modification time as a Unix timestamp (seconds since epoch).

ctime

Last status change time as a Unix timestamp (seconds since epoch).

has_xattrs

True if the file has extended attributes (xattrs).

xattr_count

Number of extended attributes (xattrs) on the file, or alternate data streams on Windows.

extattrs

Extended file attribute flags as reported by lsattr(1) (single-letter codes).

has_extattrs

True if any extattrs flag is set.

acl

All ACL entries in standard form, comma-separated. On Linux, returns POSIX ACL entries in getfacl(1) format. On Windows, returns explicit DACL entries as type:trustee:permissions (e.g., allow:BUILTIN\Administrators:full). Permission labels: full, modify, rx, read, write, or a hex value for non-standard masks. Available only on Linux and Windows.

has_acl

True if the file has POSIX ACL entries beyond standard Unix permissions or explicit (non-inherited) Windows DACL entries.

default_acl

All default POSIX ACL entries in standard form, comma-separated. Available only on Linux.

has_default_acl

True if the directory has default POSIX ACL entries.

has_capabilities or has_caps

True if the file has Linux capabilities. Available only on Linux.

capabilities or caps

Linux capabilities string assigned to the file.

Media

width / height

Width and height of an image or MP4 video in pixels.

duration

Duration of an audio file in seconds.

mp3_bitrate or bitrate

Audio bitrate in kbps.

mp3_freq or freq

Audio sampling frequency.

mp3_title or title

Track title from audio metadata.

mp3_artist or artist

Artist name from audio metadata.

mp3_album or album

Album name from audio metadata.

mp3_genre or genre

Genre from audio metadata.

mp3_year

Year from audio metadata.

EXIF metadata

exif_datetime

Date and time recorded in EXIF data.

exif_datetime_original or exif_dto

Original date and time when the photo was taken.

exif_altitude or exif_alt

GPS altitude.

exif_latitude or exif_lat

GPS latitude.

exif_longitude or exif_lng or exif_lon

GPS longitude.

exif_make / exif_model

Camera manufacturer and model.

exif_software

Software used to create the image.

exif_version

Version of EXIF metadata.

exif_exposure_time or exif_exptime

Exposure time.

exif_aperture

Aperture value.

exif_shutter_speed

Shutter speed.

exif_f_number or exif_f_num

F-number.

exif_iso_speed or exif_iso

ISO speed (EXIF 2.3 ISOSpeed tag).

exif_sensitivity or exif_photo_sensitivity

Photographic sensitivity (ISO).

exif_focal_length or exif_focal_len

Focal length.

exif_lens_make / exif_lens_model

Lens manufacturer and model.

exif_description or exif_desc

Image description.

exif_artist

Artist or photographer name.

exif_copyright

Copyright information.

exif_orientation

Image orientation.

exif_flash

Flash status.

exif_color_space

Color space.

exif_exposure_program or exif_exp_program

Exposure program.

exif_exposure_bias or exif_exp_bias

Exposure bias value.

exif_white_balance or exif_wb

White balance mode.

exif_metering_mode

Metering mode.

exif_scene_type or exif_scene

Scene capture type.

exif_contrast

Contrast setting.

exif_saturation

Saturation setting.

exif_sharpness

Sharpness setting.

exif_body_serial or exif_serial

Camera body serial number.

exif_lens_serial

Lens serial number.

exif_user_comment or exif_comment

User comment.

exif_image_width or exif_width

Image width from EXIF.

exif_image_height or exif_height

Image height from EXIF.

exif_max_aperture

Max aperture value of the lens.

exif_digital_zoom or exif_dzoom

Digital zoom ratio.

MIME and file type shortcuts

mime

MIME type string.

line_count

Number of lines in a text file.

is_archive

True if extension matches a known archive format (.7z, .bz2, .gz, .rar, .tar, .xz, .zip, and others).

is_audio

True if extension matches a known audio format (.aac, .flac, .mp3, .ogg, .wav, .wma, and others).

is_book

True if extension matches a known book format (.epub, .fb2, .mobi, .pdf, and others).

is_doc

True if extension matches a known document format (.doc, .docx, .odt, .pdf, .ppt, .xls, and others).

is_font

True if extension matches a known font format (.otf, .ttf, .woff, .woff2, and others).

is_image

True if extension matches a known image format (.bmp, .gif, .jpeg, .jpg, .png, .svg, .webp, and others).

is_source

True if extension matches a known source code format (.c, .cpp, .go, .java, .js, .py, .rs, .ts, and others).

is_video

True if extension matches a known video format (.avi, .mkv, .mov, .mp4, .webm, .wmv, and others).

File hashes

sha1

SHA-1 digest.

sha2_256 or sha256

SHA-256 digest.

sha2_512 or sha512

SHA-512 digest.

sha3_512 or sha3

SHA3-512 digest.

Aggregate functions

Queries using these functions return a single result row.

AVG

Average value.

COUNT

Number of rows.

MAX

Maximum value.

MIN

Minimum value.

SUM

Sum of all values.

STDDEV_POP / STDDEV / STD

Population standard deviation.

STDDEV_SAMP

Sample standard deviation.

VAR_POP / VARIANCE

Population variance.

VAR_SAMP

Sample variance.

Date functions

CURRENT_DATE / CUR_DATE / CURDATE

Current date.

CURRENT_TIME / CUR_TIME / CURTIME

Current local time (HH:MM:SS).

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP / NOW

Current local timestamp (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS).

DAY

Day of the month.

MONTH

Month of the year.

YEAR

Year.

DOW / DAYOFWEEK

Day of the week (1 = Sunday, 2 = Monday, ...).

DAYNAME

Name of the day of the week (e.g., Monday, Tuesday).

DOY / DAYOFYEAR

Day of the year (1–366).

DATE_ADD / DATEADD(date, days)

Add days to a date and return the resulting datetime.

DATE_SUB / DATESUB(date, days)

Subtract days from a date and return the resulting datetime.

DATE_DIFF / DATEDIFF(date1, date2)

Number of days between date1 and date2.

FROM_UNIXTIME(timestamp)

Convert a Unix timestamp (seconds since epoch) to a datetime string.

LAST_DAY / LAST_DATE(date)

Last day of the month for the given date.

EXTRACT(unit, date)

Extract a date/time part from date. The unit must be a quoted string. Supported units: year, quarter, month, week (ISO), day, hour, minute, second, dow (1=Sun..7=Sat), isodow (1=Mon..7=Sun), doy, epoch (Unix timestamp).

DATE_TRUNC / DATETRUNC(unit, date)

Truncate date to a unit boundary, returned as “YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS”. The unit must be a quoted string. Supported units: year, quarter, month, week (truncates to Monday), day, hour, minute, second.

String functions

LENGTH / LEN

Length of the string value.

LOWER / LOWERCASE / LCASE

Convert to lowercase.

UPPER / UPPERCASE / UCASE

Convert to uppercase.

INITCAP

First letter of each word uppercase, rest lowercase.

TO_BASE64 / BASE64

Encode to Base64.

FROM_BASE64

Decode from Base64.

CONCAT

Concatenate expression values.

CONCAT_WS

Concatenate expression values with a delimiter.

LOCATE / POSITION(str, substr [, pos])

Position of substr in str.

SUBSTRING / SUBSTR(str, pos [, len])

Substring starting at pos. Negative pos counts from the end.

REPLACE(str, from, to)

Replace all occurrences.

TRIM

Strip whitespace from both ends.

LTRIM

Strip whitespace from the left.

RTRIM

Strip whitespace from the right.

Numeric functions

BIN / HEX / OCT

Convert integer to binary, hexadecimal, or octal.

ABS

Absolute value.

POWER / POW

Raise to a power.

SQRT

Square root.

LOG

Common logarithm.

LN

Natural logarithm.

EXP

Euler's number raised to the given power.

LEAST

Smallest of the given values.

GREATEST

Largest of the given values.

PI

The constant π.

FLOOR

Largest integer not greater than the value.

CEIL / CEILING

Smallest integer not less than the value.

ROUND

Nearest integer.

RANDOM / RAND

Random integer. With no argument: 0 to max int. With one argument: 0 to arg. With two arguments: from arg1 to arg2.

Character detection functions

CONTAINS_JAPANESE / JAPANESE

True if the string contains Japanese characters.

CONTAINS_HIRAGANA / HIRAGANA

True if the string contains Hiragana characters.

CONTAINS_KATAKANA / KATAKANA

True if the string contains Katakana characters.

CONTAINS_KANA / KANA

True if the string contains Kana characters (Hiragana or Katakana).

CONTAINS_KANJI / KANJI

True if the string contains Kanji characters.

CONTAINS_GREEK / GREEK

True if the string contains Greek characters.

Other functions

CONTAINS

True if the file contains the given string.

COALESCE

First non-empty value from the argument list.

FORMAT_TIME / PRETTY_TIME

Human-readable duration (e.g., 2min 26s).

FORMAT_SIZE / FORMAT_FILESIZE

Formatted file size. The optional second argument is a format specifier such as %.2 d (two decimal places, 1000-based units).

Extended attribute and ACL functions

HAS_XATTR(name)

True if the named xattr exists.

XATTR(name)

Value of the named xattr.

HAS_EXTATTR(flag)

True if the given lsattr(1) flag is set. Available only on Linux.

HAS_ACL_ENTRY(entry)

True if the specified ACL entry exists. Entry format: type:qualifier (e.g., user:john, group:staff).

ACL_ENTRY(entry)

Permissions for the specified ACL entry.

HAS_DEFAULT_ACL_ENTRY(entry)

True if the specified default ACL entry exists.

DEFAULT_ACL_ENTRY(entry)

Permissions for the specified default ACL entry.

HAS_CAPABILITY / HAS_CAP(cap)

True if the file has the given Linux capability.

User functions

Available only on Unix when the users feature is enabled.

CURRENT_UID()

Current real UID.

CURRENT_USER()

Name of the current real UID.

CURRENT_GID()

Current primary GID.

CURRENT_GROUP()

Name of the current primary GID.

Comparison operators

= / == / eq

Equal (with glob expansion and regular expression matching for strings).

!= / <> / ne

Not equal.

=== / eeq

Exact equal (no glob or regex expansion).

!== / ene

Exact not-equal.

> / gt

Greater than.

>= / gte / ge

Greater than or equal.

< / lt

Less than.

<= / lte / le

Less than or equal.

=~ / ~= / regexp / rx

Match regular expression.

!=~ / !~= / notrx

Does not match regular expression.

like

SQL LIKE pattern ( % matches any sequence, _ matches one character).

notlike

Negation of like.

between

Range check: column between val1 and val2

in

Set membership: column in (val1, val2, ...) or column in (subquery).

exists

Row existence test: exists (subquery)

Arithmetic operators

+ / plus

Addition.

- / minus

Subtraction.

* / mul

Multiplication.

/ / div

Division.

% / mod

Modulo.

Logical operators

and

Logical conjunction.

or

Logical disjunction.

not

Logical negation. May appear before an operator or a condition.